Toxic strains of the Alexandrium ostenfeldii complex in southern South America (Beagle Channel, Argentina)
Toxic strains of the Alexandrium ostenfeldii complex in southern South America (Beagle Channel, Argentina)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.hal.2014.05.011
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Ferrario, Martha E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Almandoz, Gaston O.;Montoya, Nora G.;Ferrario, Martha E.
在比格尔海峡（大约西经54度52' 5，67度32'）的浮游植物监测期间，观察到一种以前未检测到的亚历山大藻属物种，这与小鼠生物测定毒性一致。使用落射荧光和扫描电子显微镜进行的详细鞘板分析显示存在Alexandrum ostenfeldii种复合体，显示通常用于区分形态种A的诊断特征的混合物。ostenfeldii和A.秘鲁。A.奥氏藻复合体通常出现在春季硅藻水华爆发后，此时温度和盐度分别为7.5-10 ℃和30- 30.5psu，营养盐呈季节性下降。通过液相色谱-质谱法的毒素分析揭示了13-去甲基螺内酯C和20-甲基螺内酯Gin细胞培养物的产生。在指数生长期，13-desMe-C和20-Me-G的螺内酯细胞含量分别为0.5906 +/- 0.0032和0.1577 +/- 0.0023 pg细胞（-1）。第三种未知化合物，其结构类似于螺旋内酯，也在培养物中检测到。此外，在贻贝样品中发现了高比例的具有与13-desMe-C相似的m/z（692）但呈现更高保留时间（Rt = 40.5 mm）的另外的化合物。PSP毒素在贻贝中的浓度较低，但在培养物中未检测到。这些结果扩大了A. ostenfeldii复杂的比格尔海峡（南美洲南部），那里的有毒事件传统上与链状亚历山大藻的存在有关。这是首次证实在阿根廷的贻贝和浮游生物中发现螺内酯，这突出了监测这些毒素及其产生生物的重要性，以保护公众健康和改善贝类资源的管理。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
During phytoplankton monitoring in the Beagle Channel (approximate to 54 degrees 52' 5, 67 degrees 32' W) a previously undetected Alexandrium species was observed in coincidence with mouse bioassay toxicity. Detailed thecal plates analysis using epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of the Alexandrium ostenfeldii species complex, showing a mixture of the diagnostic features usually used to discriminate between the morphospecies A. ostenfeldii and A. peruvianum. Cells of the A. ostenfeldii complex were commonly observed during spring after the main annual diatom bloom, when temperatures and salinities were respectively around 7.5-10 degrees C and 30-30.5 psu, and nutrients showed a seasonal decrease. Toxin analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the production of 13-desmethyl spirolide C and 20-methyl spirolide Gin cell cultures. The cellular contain of spirolides during exponential phase growth was 0.5906 +/- 0.0032 and 0.1577 +/- 0.0023 pg cell(-1) for 13-desMe-C and 20-Me-G, respectively. A third unknown compound, with a structure resembling that of spirolides was also detected in culture. Moreover, an additional compound with a similar m/z (692) than that of 13-desMe-C but presenting a higher retention time (Rt = 40.5 mm) was found in high proportions in mussel samples. PSP toxins were present at low concentration in mussels but were not detected in cultures. These results extend the world-wide distribution of toxic strains of the A. ostenfeldii complex to the Beagle Channel (southern South America), where toxic events have been traditionally linked to the presence of Alexandrium catenella. This is the first confirmed occurrence of spirolides in mussels and plankton from Argentina, which highlights the importance of monitoring these toxins and their producing organisms to protect public health and improve the management of shellfish resources. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.