Environmental and economic consequences analysis of cropping systems from fragmented to concentrated farmland in the North China Plain based on a joint use of life cycle assessment, emergy and economic analysis
Environmental and economic consequences analysis of cropping systems from fragmented to concentrated farmland in the North China Plain based on a joint use of life cycle assessment, emergy and economic analysis
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基于生命周期评价、能值和经济分析的华北平原耕地分散化到集中化耕作制度的环境和经济后果分析
DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109588
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Chen，Yuanquan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang，Xiaolei;Sui，Peng;Chen，Yuanquan
中国政府大力鼓励土地租赁活动从分散耕地到集中耕地的政策。土地管理政策更加注重对土地租赁活动的经济和社会绩效的调查，而对其环境后果的信息仍然缺乏。因此，本研究基于能值评估（EME）、生命周期评估（LCA）方法和经济分析（EA）比较了小型（SF）和大型（LF）农场的环境和经济绩效，反映了华北平原（NCP）从分散农田到集中农田的土地租赁活动。 EME结果表明，LF的环境负荷率比SF低5.0%，而LF的能值产出率和能值可持续性指数分别比SF高1.48%和8.0%。 LCA结果表明，LF的面积和产量环境影响指数分别比SF低28.8%和18.3%。这些结果表明，当农田以集中模式而不是分散模式管理时，耕作制度的环境后果得到改善。此外，环评结果显示，由于LF的土地租赁成本较高，LF的收入成本比比SF降低了47.46%。但由于农场规模较大，LF的利润总额比SF高出1719.3%。而且，与业主自己在自有农田耕种而不是出租耕地相比，顺丰的总利润增加了195.5%。这些结果表明，规模经营能够促进出租和入田经营者年总收入的增加。总之，集中耕地将成为改善NCP地区耕作制度环境影响的平台。
The policy of land rental activity from fragmented to concentrated farmland has been overwhelming encouraged by the Chinese government. The land management policy has paid more attention on the investigation of its economic and social performances of land rental activity, while information on its environmental consequence is still lacking. This study, therefore, compared the environmental and economic performances of small (SF) and large scale (LF) farms based on emergy evaluation (EME), life cycle assessment (LCA) methods, and economic analysis (EA), which reflected a land rental activity from fragmented to concentrated farmland in the North China Plain (NCP). The EME results showed that the environmental loading ratio of the LF was 5.0% lower, while the emergy yield ratio and emergy sustainability index of the LF were 1.48% and 8.0% higher, respectively, than that of the SFs. The LCA results demonstrated that the area-based and yield-based environmental impact indices of the LF were 28.8% and 18.3% lower than that of the SF, respectively. These results indicate that the environmental consequences of the cropping system were improved when the farmland was managed in a concentrated model instead of a fragmented model. In addition, the EA results showed that the income to cost ratio of the LF was reduced by 47.46% compared to that of the SF, due to high land rental costs in the LF. Nevertheless, the total profit of the LF was 1719.3% higher than that of the SF due to its lager farm scale. Also, the owner's total profit of the SF was increased by 195.5% compared to the farming by themselves in their own farmland instead of renting them out. These results showed that scale management can promote both managers who rented out and into the farmland to increase their annual total incomes. In conclusion, the concentrated farmland would be a platform for the improvement of environmental consequences of cropping systems in the NCP.