Bacterial translocation - impact on the adipocyte compartment.
Bacterial translocation - impact on the adipocyte compartment.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2013.00510
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发表时间：
2014-01-06
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Siegmund B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kruis T;Batra A;Siegmund B
在过去的十年中，人们广泛认识到脂肪因子和脂肪组织隔室对免疫系统发挥调节功能。我们自己的小组描述了脂肪因子瘦素在各种动物模型的肠道炎症中的促炎功能。在这一初步工作的后续工作中，目的是揭示参与脂肪组织隔室激活的刺激和机制，以及随后由免疫细胞浸润引起的脂肪因子和其他介质的释放。本文综述了近年来有关肠系膜脂肪组织在肠道炎症中可能作用的文献，重点是克罗恩病（CD）。CD在这种情况下特别令人感兴趣，因为透壁性肠道炎症与肠系膜脂肪的特征性肥大相关，这种现象称为“蠕动脂肪”。该审查将解决三个连续的问题：（一）是什么诱导脂肪细胞激活，（二）激活后释放哪些因子，以及对局部脂肪组织隔室和浸润细胞的后果是什么;（三）之前产生的答案允许解释肠系膜脂肪组织在肠道炎症中的作用？通过这篇综述，我们将提供一个工作模型，表明细菌易位，脂肪细胞的激活和随后的浸润免疫细胞的方向之间存在密切的相互作用。总之，模型系统肠系膜脂肪表明脂肪细胞如何直接与免疫系统相互作用的独特方式。
Over the last decade it became broadly recognized that adipokines and thus the fat tissue compartment exert a regulatory function on the immune system. Our own group described the pro-inflammatory function of the adipokine leptin within intestinal inflammation in a variety of animal models. Following-up on this initial work, the aim was to reveal stimuli and mechanisms involved in the activation of the fat tissue compartment and the subsequent release of adipokines and other mediators paralleled by the infiltration of immune cells. This review will summarize the current literature on the possible role of the mesenteric fat tissue in intestinal inflammation with a focus on Crohn’s disease (CD). CD is of particular interest in this context since the transmural intestinal inflammation has been associated with a characteristic hypertrophy of the mesenteric fat, a phenomenon called “creeping fat.” The review will address three consecutive questions: (i) What is inducing adipocyte activation, (ii) which factors are released after activation and what are the consequences for the local fat tissue compartment and infiltrating cells; (iii) do the answers generated before allow for an explanation of the role of the mesenteric fat tissue within intestinal inflammation? With this review we will provide a working model indicating a close interaction in between bacterial translocation, activation of the adipocytes, and subsequent direction of the infiltrating immune cells. In summary, the models system mesenteric fat indicates a unique way how adipocytes can directly interact with the immune system.