MODELS OF HUMAN BRONCHIAL TREE
MODELS OF HUMAN BRONCHIAL TREE
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DOI：
10.1152/jappl.1971.31.2.207
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发表时间：
1971-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
CUMMING, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HORSFIEL.K;DART, G;CUMMING, G
霍斯菲尔德、基思、格拉迪斯·达特、丹·e·奥尔森、吉尔斯·f·菲利和戈登·卡明。人体支气管树模型。j:。物理学报，31(2):207-2。197年1。-制备了正常人体支气管树的树脂模型，测量了直径为0.7 mm的分枝的所有结构。一个直径小于0.7毫米的结构样本被打破并测量到呼吸细支气管。制备了气管和大支气管的硅橡胶铸型，并对其二分分支形态进行了研究。这些数据被打在卡片上，然后用计算机进行分析。从原始测量和随后的分析中获得的信息被用来构建支气管树的两个数学模型。两个模型都强调不对称；在模型1。每个肺叶被单独考虑，模型2中的每个支气管肺段也是如此。这些模型允许在考虑不对称性的情况下计算生理变量。肺解剖;支气管树形态；数学模型对活人的支气管树的压力和流量的直接测量是很难获得的，特别是在较小的气道中。用于测量大气道流量的支气管导管技术已经发展（13），但导管的存在会扭曲正在测量的流量。由于这些困难，气道中的对流流动和气体扩散正越来越多地通过数学分析进行研究（2,3,12,14）。所采用的技术非常复杂，必须使用简化的气道解剖模型，最常见的是Weibel的对称模型A（23）或对其进行一些修改。对这种模型的分析可能会也可能不会给出气体流动和扩散的平均值的合理估计，但肯定不能提供有关解剖不对称影响的信息。在某些情况下，考虑气道不对称可能是重要的，例如，在分析流向肺不同区域的气流或研究重力的影响时。尽管已经发表了一篇强调支气管解剖不对称的文章(8)，但这些数据很难在实践中使用。本文的目的是描述支气管树的两种模型，其中包括一些真实结构的不对称性，但同时允许进行生理计算。此外，由于支气管分岔是流体流动计算中的重要参数，因此给出了支气管分岔的一些形态学细节。
HORSFIELD, KEITH, GLADYS DART, DAN E. OLSON, GILES F. FILLEY, AND GORDON CUMMING. Models of the human bronchial tree. J. Appl. Physiol. 3 l (2): 207-2 17. 197 1.-A resin cast of a normal human bronchial tree was prepared and all structures down to branches of 0.7-mm diameter were measured. A sample of structures smaller than 0.7-mm diameter was broken off and measured down to and including respiratory bronchioles. A silicone rubber cast of the trachea and larger bronchi was prepared and the morphology of dichotomous branching studied. The data were punched on cards and analyzed using a computer. Information obtained both from the original measurements and the subsequent analysis was used to construct two mathematical models of the bronchial tree. Asymmetry is stressed in both models; in model 1. each lobe was considered separately, as was each bronchopulmonary segment in model 2. The models permit calculation of physiologic variables to be made while taking asymmetry into account. lung anatomy; bronchial tree morphology; mathematical modelsDIRECT MEASUREMENTS of pressure and flow in the bronchial tree of living man are difficult to obtain, especially in the smaller airways. Techniques of bronchial catheterization to measure flow in the larger airways have been developed (13) but the presence of the catheter distorts that which is being measured. Because of these difficulties convective flow and gaseous diffusion in the airways are being increasingly studied by mathematical analysis (2, 3, 12, 14). The techniques employed are of such complexity that simplified models of airways anatomy have to be used, most commonly Weibel’s symmetrical model A (23) or some modification of it. Analysis of such models may or may not give reasonable estimates of mean values for gas flow and diffusion, but certainly cannot give information on the effects of anatomic asymmetry. In some circumstances consideration of airways asymmetry may be important, for example, when analyzing flow to different regions of the lung or studying the effects of gravity. Although an account which stresses the asymmetry of bronchial anatomy has been published(8) the data are difficult to use in practice. It is the purpose of this lpaper to describe two models of the bronchial tree which include some of the asymmetry of the real structure and yet at the same time permit physiologic calculations to be made. In addition, some morphologic details of bronchial bifurcations are given because these are important parameters in fluid flow calculations.