Grass mulching effect on infiltration, surface runoff and soil loss of three agricultural soils in Nigeria
Grass mulching effect on infiltration, surface runoff and soil loss of three agricultural soils in Nigeria
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.044
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Osunbitan, J. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adekalu, K. O.;Olorunfemi, I. A.;Osunbitan, J. A.
在土壤表面覆盖一层植物残茬是一种有效的水土保持方法，因为它可以减少地表径流，增加土壤入渗，减缓土壤侵蚀。使用象草（Pennisetum purpureum）作为覆盖材料的有效性在实验室中使用降雨模拟器设置典型的热带降雨强度进行评估。收集了六个土壤样本，分别来自代表尼日利亚西南部主要农业土壤的三个主要土壤系列中的两个，放置在三个不同的斜坡上，并用不同比例的草覆盖。然后在每个条件下测量地表径流量、土壤流失量和表观累积入渗。与先前使用稻草进行的实验结果相比，使用象草的结果较好。径流量和土壤流失量随覆盖量的增加而减少，随坡度的增加而增加。地表径流、入渗和土壤流失量与坡面和地膜覆盖呈高度相关（R分别为0.90、0.89和0.86）。平均地表径流量与沙粒含量呈负相关，而平均土壤流失量与土壤胶体含量（粘土和有机质）呈正相关。盖度最高时，入渗增加，土壤流失量大大减少。用象草残茬覆盖土壤有利于后期种植（二次种植），增加土壤水分储存，供干旱天气使用，并有助于减少坡地的侵蚀。(C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd版权所有。
Mulching the soil surface with a layer of plant residue is an effective method of conserving water and soil because it reduces surface runoff, increases infiltration of water into the soil and retard soil erosion. The effectiveness of using elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) as mulching material was evaluated in the laboratory using a rainfall simulator set at rainfall intensities typical of the tropics. Six soil samples, two from each of the three major soil series representing the main agricultural soils in South Western Nigeria were collected, placed on three different slopes, and mulched with different rates of the grass. The surface runoff, soil loss, and apparent cumulative infiltration were then measured under each condition. The results with elephant grass compared favorably with results from previous experiments using rice straw. Runoff and soil loss decreased with the amount of mulch used and increased with slope. Surface runoff, infiltration and soil loss had high correlations (R = 0.90, 0.89, and 0.86, respectively) with slope and mulch cover using surface response analysis. The mean surface runoff was correlated negatively with sand content, while mean soil loss was correlated positively with colloidal content (clay and organic matter) of the soil. Infiltration was increased and soil loss was reduced greatly with the highest cover. Mulching the soils with elephant grass residue may benefit late cropping (second cropping) by increasing stored soil water for use during dry weather and help to reduce erosion on sloping land. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.