Karstic aquifer vulnerability assessment methods and results at a test site (Apulia, southern Italy)
Karstic aquifer vulnerability assessment methods and results at a test site (Apulia, southern Italy)
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DOI：
10.5194/nhess-9-1461-2009
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发表时间：
2009-08
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
M. Polemio;D. Casarano;P. Limoni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Polemio;D. Casarano;P. Limoni
摘要。岩溶含水层因其易受地下水污染而闻名。这是由于土壤薄，石灰、竖井和燕子洞的点补给等特点造成的。在岩溶地区，地下水往往是唯一的淡水来源。阿普利亚地区（意大利东南部）的情况就是如此，那里有一个大而深的碳酸盐含水层，受岩溶和压裂现象的影响。选取了GOD、DRASTIC、SINTACS、EPIK、PI、COP等几种评估内在脆弱性（Iv）的方法，并将其应用于Apulian试验点，建立了完整的数据集。使用GIS方法制作的内在脆弱性地图显示了从低到高的脆弱性。最大的脆弱性往往是由于岩溶特征。提出了一种地图的比较方法。讨论了每种方法的优缺点。一般来说，可以区分为三组。GOD方法对于绘制具有高脆弱性对比的大面积区域是有用的。DRASTIC方法和SINTACS方法是“任意类型含水层”方法，在岩溶含水层的应用中存在一定的局限性，特别是在DRASTIC方法的应用中。EPIK、PI和COP设计用于碳酸盐或岩溶含水层，提供价格合理的结果，与岩溶和水文地质特征高度一致，程序可靠，特别是在PI和COP的情况下。后者似乎更容易应用，在考虑气候参数的作用时也更灵活。如果考虑每种方法的Iv，则在岩溶特征附近的细胞中观察到最高的变异性。在这些空间领域，需要进一步努力确定更可靠和全局的方法。
Abstract. Karstic aquifers are well known for their vulnerability to groundwater contamination. This is due to characteristics such as thin soils and point recharge in dolines, shafts, and swallow holes. In karstic areas, groundwater is often the only freshwater source. This is the case of the Apulia region (south-eastern Italy), where a large and deep carbonate aquifer, affected by karstic and fracturing phenomena, is located. Several methods (GOD, DRASTIC, SINTACS, EPIK, PI, and COP) for the assessment of the intrinsic vulnerability (Iv) were selected and applied to an Apulian test site, for which a complete data set was set up. The intrinsic vulnerability maps, produced using a GIS approach, show vulnerability from low to very high. The maximum vulnerability is always due to karstic features. A comparison approach of the maps is proposed. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. In general terms, three groups can be distinguished. The GOD method is useful for mapping large areas with high vulnerability contrasts. DRASTIC and SINTACS are "any-type aquifer" methods that have some limitations in applications to karstic aquifers, especially in the case of DRASTIC. EPIK, PI, and COP, which were designed to be applied to carbonate or karstic aquifers, supply affordable results, highly coherent with karstic and hydrogeological features, and reliable procedures, especially in the case of PI and COP. The latter appears simpler to apply and more flexible in considering the role of climatic parameters. If Iv of each method is considered, the highest variability is observed in cells in the neighbourhood of karstic features. In these spatial domains, additional efforts to define more reliable and global methods are required.