Changes in performance, skinfold thicknesses, and fat patterning after three years of intense athletic conditioning in high level runners
Changes in performance, skinfold thicknesses, and fat patterning after three years of intense athletic conditioning in high level runners
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DOI：
10.1136/bjsm.2005.018960
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发表时间：
2005-11-01
影响因子：
18.4
通讯作者：
Eston, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Legaz, A;Eston, R
目的：为了确定是否在特定的皮肤褶皱部位的变化引起的激烈的运动条件反射超过三年的时间与高水平的运动员的运行性能的变化。方法：37顶级跑步者（8名男性和5名女性短跑训练，16名男性和8名女性耐力训练）自愿参加这项研究。将运动员分为A级（n = 18）和B级（n = 17），其中A级成绩最好。在训练开始时和训练一年、两年和三年后记录二头肌、三头肌、肩胛下肌、胸肌、髂嵴、腹部、前大腿和小腿内侧皮褶厚度以及最佳跑步表现。进行单因素方差分析和线性回归分析，以确定性能和皮褶厚度之间的变化和关联。分析控制性别，短跑事件或耐力事件，和class.Results：训练导致显着增加的性能和减少的总和，六个皮褶，腹部，大腿前，小腿内侧皮褶，四肢躯干皮褶的比例（E/T，三头肌，大腿前，小腿内侧/肩胛下，髂嵴，腹部）。体重无显著差异。除腹部皮褶外，躯干皮褶无显著差异。这些变化的显着差异，观察性别的E/T，减少和增加，男性和女性跑步者分别，和类。B级跑步者的成绩显著提高，下肢皮褶厚度减少。A级跑步者的表现或皮褶厚度没有显著变化。性能的改善一直与下肢skinfolds.Conclusions减少：在这些研究结果的基础上，人体测量评估的顶级运动员应包括所有的皮褶的评价。身体脂肪的损失似乎是特定于训练期间使用的肌肉群。下肢皮褶可能是跑步表现的特别有用的预测因子。
Objectives: To determine if the changes in specific skinfold sites induced by intense athletic conditioning over a three year period were associated with changes in running performance in high level athletes.Methods: Thirty seven top class runners ( eight male and five female sprint trained, 16 male and eight female endurance trained) volunteered to participate in the study. The athletes were divided into class A (n = 18) and class B ( n = 17), with class A having the best performance. Biceps, triceps, subscapular, pectoral, iliac crest, abdominal, front thigh, and medial calf skinfold thickness and the best running performance were recorded at the beginning and after one, two, and three years of training. A one way analysis of variance and a linear regression analysis were conducted to determine changes and association between performance and skinfold thicknesses. Analyses were controlled for sex, sprint event or endurance event, and class.Results: Training resulted in a significant increase in performance and decreases in sum of six skinfolds, abdominal, front thigh, and medial calf skinfolds, and the ratio of extremity to trunk skinfolds (E/T, triceps, front thigh, medial calf/subscapular, iliac crest, abdominal). There were no significant differences in body weight. Except for the abdominal skinfold, there was no significant difference in trunk skinfolds. Significant differences in these changes were observed by sex for E/T, which decreased and increased in male and female runners respectively, and by class. Class B runners significantly improved performance, with decreased skinfold thicknesses in the lower limb. There were no significant changes in performance or skinfold thicknesses in class A runners. Improvements in performance were consistently associated with a decrease in the lower limb skinfolds.Conclusions: On the basis of these findings, anthropometric assessment of top class athletes should include an evaluation of all skinfolds. The loss of body fat appears to be specific to the muscular groups used during training. The lower limb skinfolds may be particularly useful predictors of running performance.