Quantifying mechanisms of coexistence in disease ecology
Quantifying mechanisms of coexistence in disease ecology
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DOI：
10.1002/ecy.3819
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发表时间：
2022-09-29
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Shoemaker，Lauren G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sieben，Andrew J.;Mihaljevic，Joseph R.;Shoemaker，Lauren G.
病原体的共存取决于宿主内和宿主间的生态过程，因此很难量化哪些过程可能促进或阻止共存。在这里，我们建议，适应现代共存理论传统上应用于植物群落的病原体系统提供了一个令人兴奋的方法，检查机制的共存在不同的空间尺度上运行。我们首先概述了现代共存理论及其机制分解，我们随后调整的框架，以量化病原体密度，宿主资源和免疫力的空间变化，以及它们之间的相互作用可能会促进病原体共存。我们将此推导应用于示例两病原体多尺度模型，比较了具有通才和菌株特异性免疫的两种情况：一种是病原体之间的人口统计学等效性，另一种是病原体之间的人口统计学权衡。然后，我们展示了宿主-病原体反馈如何产生促进病原体共存的空间异质性，并分解这些机制以量化每个空间异质性如何促成这种共存。具体而言，由于宿主资源、免疫反应和病原体聚集的空间变化，会发生人口统计学上等同的病原体的共存。在竞争-殖民权衡下，上级殖民者需要空间异质性共存，而上级竞争者则不需要。最后，我们提出了在疾病系统中共存的理论和实证检验相结合的方法。
Pathogen coexistence depends on ecological processes operating at both within and between‐host scales, making it difficult to quantify which processes may promote or prevent coexistence. Here, we propose that adapting modern coexistence theory—traditionally applied in plant communities—to pathogen systems provides an exciting approach for examining mechanisms of coexistence operating across different spatial scales. We first overview modern coexistence theory and its mechanistic decomposition; we subsequently adapt the framework to quantify how spatial variation in pathogen density, host resources and immunity, and their interaction may promote pathogen coexistence. We apply this derivation to an example two pathogen, multiscale model comparing two scenarios with generalist and strain‐specific immunity: one with demographic equivalency among pathogens and one with demographic trade‐offs among pathogens. We then show how host–pathogen feedbacks generate spatial heterogeneity that promote pathogen coexistence and decompose those mechanisms to quantify how each spatial heterogeneity contributes to that coexistence. Specifically, coexistence of demographically equivalent pathogens occurs due to spatial variation in host resources, immune responses, and pathogen aggregation. With a competition–colonization trade‐off, the superior colonizer requires spatial heterogeneity to coexist, whereas the superior competitor does not. Finally, we suggest ways forward for linking theory and empirical tests of coexistence in disease systems.