On Variable Reverse Power Flow-Part II: An Electricity Market Model Considering Wind Station Size and Location
On Variable Reverse Power Flow-Part II: An Electricity Market Model Considering Wind Station Size and Location
复制标题
论可变逆潮流-第二部分：考虑风站规模和位置的电力市场模型
作者：
A. Gabash;Pu Li
这是第二部分的配套文件的可变反向功率流（VRPF）在有源配电网（ADNs）与风力发电站（WS）。在这里，我们提出了一个电力市场模型，考虑在不同的情况下，中压有源配电网（MV-ADN）和高压输电网（HV-TN）的运营商之间的协议。该模型同时考虑了有功和无功电价。将该模型应用于真实的MV-ADN的结果揭示了许多有趣的事实。例如，我们证明了WS的无功功率容量将永远不会被利用在零风力发电和功率因数（PF）的不同限制的日子。相比之下，如果WS作为电容器组运行而不限制PF，则可以分别减少超过10%的有功能量损耗成本、15%的无功能量损耗成本和100%的从HV-TN输入的无功能量成本。还发现，如果HV-TN的运营商接受来自MV-ADN的无限量的反向能量，则在HV-TN处的可能的出口点附近分配WS可以显著减少风电削减。基于有功-无功最优潮流（A-R-OPF）方法，揭示了分布式电源规模、VRPF与需求水平之间的关系。
This is the second part of a companion paper on variable reverse power flow (VRPF) in active distribution networks (ADNs) with wind stations (WSs). Here, we propose an electricity market model considering agreements between the operator of a medium-voltage active distribution network (MV-ADN) and the operator of a high-voltage transmission network (HV-TN) under different scenarios. The proposed model takes, simultaneously, active and reactive energy prices into consideration. The results from applying this model on a real MV-ADN reveal many interesting facts. For instance, we demonstrate that the reactive power capability of WSs will be never utilized during days with zero wind power and varying limits on power factors (PFs). In contrast, more than 10% of the costs of active energy losses, 15% of the costs of reactive energy losses, and 100% of the costs of reactive energy imported from the HV-TN, respectively, can be reduced if WSs are operated as capacitor banks with no limits on PFs. It is also found that allocating WSs near possible exporting points at the HV-TN can significantly reduce wind power curtailments if the operator of the HV-TN accepts unlimited amount of reverse energy from the MV-ADN. Furthermore, the relationships between the size of WSs, VRPF and demand level are also uncovered based on active-reactive optimal power flow (A-R-OPF).