Who Needs a Fracking Education? The Educational Response to Low-Skill Biased Technological Change
Who Needs a Fracking Education? The Educational Response to Low-Skill Biased Technological Change
复制标题
谁需要水力压裂教育？
DOI：
10.3386/w21359
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ayushi Narayan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elizabeth U. Cascio;Ayushi Narayan
在过去的十年里，技术突破--水力压裂或“水力压裂”--通过开采传统技术无法开采的页岩储量，推动了石油和天然气开采的繁荣。我们探讨了对水力压裂法的教育反应，利用其广泛引入的时间和页岩油气储量的空间变化。我们发现，水力压裂造成的当地劳动力需求冲击偏向于低技能劳动力和男性，降低了男性高中毕业率。我们还表明，水力压裂增加了男性青少年的高中辍学率，无论是整体还是相对于女性。我们的估计意味着，如果没有水力压裂，17至18岁的高中辍学率的男女差距将在2000年至2013年间缩小约11%，而不是保持不变。我们的估计还意味着高中毕业率相对于高中毕业率的弹性为0.47，低于历史估计值。除了水力压裂的低技能偏见之外，我们的研究结果的解释-学校投入，人口统计和资源价格的变化-得到的经验支持较少。NBER工作论文系列的机构订阅者和发展中国家的居民可以在www.nber.org上免费下载这篇论文。
Over the past decade, a technological breakthrough – hydraulic fracturing or “fracking” – has fueled a boom in oil and natural gas extraction by reaching shale reserves inaccessible through conventional technologies. We explore the educational response to fracking, taking advantage of the timing of its widespread introduction and the spatial variation in shale oil and gas reserves. We show that local labor demand shocks from fracking have been biased toward low-skilled labor and males, reducing the return to high school completion among men. We also show that fracking has increased high school dropout rates of male teens, both overall and relative to females. Our estimates imply that, absent fracking, the male-female gap in high school dropout rates among 17- to 18-year-olds would have narrowed by about 11% between 2000 and 2013 instead of remaining unchanged. Our estimates also imply an elasticity of high school completion with respect to the return to high school of 0.47, a figure below historical estimates. Explanations for our findings aside from fracking’s low-skill bias – changes in school inputs, population demographics, and resource prices – receive less empirical support.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.