Toward integrated environmental management for challenges in water environmental protection of Lake Taihu basin in China
Toward integrated environmental management for challenges in water environmental protection of Lake Taihu basin in China
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DOI：
10.1007/s00267-004-0347-8
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Higano, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, QG;Gu, G;Higano, Y
太湖是中国第三大淡水湖。它服务于流域的许多社会、经济和生态目的。不幸的是，在过去的二十年里，由于快速的工业化和城市化，水受到了严重的污染。尽管迄今为改善水质作出了巨大努力，但环境状况仍不容乐观。该盆地和湖泊正面临一系列严峻的环境挑战：社会经济的快速发展继续给环境带来巨大的压力，目前的污染治理工程从实施的有效性和效率来看存在许多问题，农业等非点源污染比工业点源污染更难控制，已成为造成湖泊严重富营养化的主要原因。考虑到流域和湖泊面临的环境挑战和问题的特点，综合环境管理（IEM）是克服这些困境的一种有希望和有效的方法。研究了流域环境管理的当前做法和问题，并讨论了潜在的未来发展。强调了环境管理的三个方面：机构合作、公众参与和环境外部性的内部化。我们认为，这些不仅对流域，而且对整个中国实现可持续社会都是至关重要的。
Lake Taihu is the third largest freshwater lake in China. It serves many social, economic, and ecological purposes in the drainage basin. Unfortunately, the water has been heavily polluted due to rapid industrialization and urbanization during the last two decades. Notwithstanding great efforts made so far to improve the water quality, the environmental situation is still far from being optimistic. The basin and the lake are facing a range of severe environmental challenges: rapid socio-economic development continues to place great pressures on the environment, current pollution control projects have many problems from the viewpoint of effectiveness and efficiency of their implementations, and the non-point sources of pollution such as agricultural fields, for which control is more difficult than for industrial point sources, have become the main contributors to serious eutrophication of the lake. Considering the characteristics of the environmental challenges and problems confronting the basin and the lake, we focus on integrated environmental management (IEM) as a promising and effective approach to overcome these predicaments. Current practices and problems of environmental management in the basin are examined, and potential future developments are discussed. Three aspects of the IEM are emphasized: institutional cooperation, public participation, and internalization of environmental externalities. We think these are the most critical for not only the basin but also for the whole of China to achieve a sustainable society.