Changing Governance of Local Economies: Responses of European Local Production Systems
Changing Governance of Local Economies: Responses of European Local Production Systems
复制标题
改变当地经济的治理：欧洲当地生产体系的反应
DOI：
10.1093/0199259402.001.0001
复制
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Helmut Voelzkow
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Crouch;P. Galès;Carlo Trigilia;Helmut Voelzkow
本书探讨了三个具体的、对比鲜明的背景下的经济治理模式：机械生产区；正在衰落的钢铁城市；和高科技活动集群。在他们上一本书（《欧洲本地生产系统：崛起还是消亡？OUP 2001》）的基础上，该书描绘了法国、德国、意大利和英国中小企业（SME）本地专业制造集群的最新发展，作者发现经济治理模式比坚持确定简单国家方法的文献中通常描述的要复杂和动态得多。机械工业经常在 20 世纪 80 年代的文献中被认为是工业区形成的突出案例，但后来由于 90 年代中期的危机而大大削弱。集群是否有助于这些产业及其相关地区应对挑战，还是只会进一步削弱它们？案例研究集中在艾米利亚-罗马涅大区的博洛尼亚和摩德纳地区、巴登-符腾堡州的斯图加特、英国西中部地区的伯明翰和考文垂，但一般在法国，当地集中的地方很少。尽管一些人认为当地生产系统陷入危机，但各国政府和欧盟委员会继续建议他们对经济衰退的地区采取措施。对于那些曾经依赖少数大公司的城市来说尤其如此，而这些公司的行业将不再是主要雇主。鼓励这些领域的政治和商业领袖实现多元化，特别是通过中小企业。鉴于成功的本地生产体系依赖于内生活力，这是否是为了应对外部压力？作者向前钢铁生产城市圣艾蒂安、杜伊斯堡、皮翁比诺和谢菲尔德提出了这些问题。美国和西欧部分地区许多蓬勃发展的高科技产业中的中小企业聚集的明显证据对当地生产系统已经过时的观点提出了挑战。为什么积极融入全球网络的科学家、其他专家和公司会为地理位置的接近而烦恼？通过考察格勒诺布尔的软件公司、科隆的大众媒体集群、比萨周边的信息技术部门以及牛津郡生物技术地区，可以解决这个问题。本卷的贡献者 - Valeria Aniello、CEVIFOP-CNRS、巴黎 Arne Baumann、绿党、柏林 Andrea Biagiotti、佛罗伦萨大学政治学与社会学系 Luigi Burroni、佛罗伦萨大学政治学与社会学系和欧洲大学研究所、Florence Colin Crouch、欧洲大学研究所、Florence Henry Farrell、多伦多大学政治学系 Nicolas Gaubert、研究所d'Urbanisme，巴黎第十二大学 Ulrich Glassmann，政治科学与欧洲研究研究所，科隆大学 Ann-Louise Holten，欧洲大学研究所社会与政治学系，佛罗伦萨 Patrick Le Gales，CEVIFOP-CNRS，巴黎 Joe O'Mahoney，兰开斯特大学 Neil Proudfoot，法国兴业银行，伦敦 Martin Scott Hill，英国工作和养老金系 Oliver Tirmarche，巴黎 Scinces Po 组织社会学中心 Annalisa Tonarelli，佛罗伦萨大学政治学和社会学系 Carlo Trigilia，佛罗伦萨大学 Helmut Voelzkow，科隆马克斯·普朗克社会研究所
This book examines patterns of economic governance in three specific, contrasting, contexts: machinery-producing districts; declining steel cities; and clusters of high-technology activities. Building on the work of their previous book (Local Production Systems in Europe: Rise or Demise? OUP 2001), which charted the recent development of local clusters of specialized manufacturing among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, the authors find patterns of economic governance far more complex and dynamic than usually described in a literature which insists on identifying simple national approaches. The machinery industries were often identified in the literature of the 1980s as prominent cases of industrial district formation, which were then considerably weakened by the crises of the mid-1990s. Did clustering help these industries and their associated districts to respond to challenge, or only weaken them further? The case studies focus on the Bologna and Modena area of Emilia-Romagna, Stuttgart in Baden-Wurttemberg, Birmingham and Coventry in the English west midlands, but generally in France where there are very few local concentrations. Even while some thought local production systems were in crisis, national governments and the European Commission continued to recommend their approach to areas experiencing economic decline. This was particularly the case for cities that had been dependent on a small number of large corporations in industries that would no longer be major employers. Political and business leaders in these areas were encouraged to diversify, in particular through SMEs. Could this be done in response to external pressure, given that successful local production systems depend on endogenous vitality? The authors ask these questions of former steel-producing cities St. Etienne, Duisburg, Piombino, and Sheffield. The idea that local production systems had had their day was challenged by clear evidence of clustering among SMEs in a number of flourishing high-tech industries in parts of the USA and western Europe. Why do scientists, other specialists and firms actively embedded in global networks, bother with geographical proximity? This question is addressed by examining the software firms at Grenoble, the mass media cluster in Cologne, the information technology sector around Pisa, and the Oxfordshire biotechnology region. Contributors to this volume - Valeria Aniello, CEVIFOP-CNRS, Paris Arne Baumann, Green Party, Berlin Andrea Biagiotti, Department of Political Science and Sociology, University of Florence Luigi Burroni, Department of Political Science and Sociology, University of Florence, and European University Insitute, Florence Colin Crouch, European University Institute, Florence Henry Farrell, Department of Political Science, University of Toronto Nicolas Gaubert, Institut d'Urbanisme, University of Paris XII Ulrich Glassmann, Forschungsintitut fur Politische Wissenschaften und EuropaischeFragen, University of Cologne Ann-Louise Holten, Department of Social and Political Science, European University Institute, Florence Patrick Le Gales, CEVIFOP-CNRS, Paris Joe O'Mahoney, Lancaster University Neil Proudfoot, Societe Generale, London Martin Scott Hill, UK Department of Work and Pensions Oliver Tirmarche, Centre de Sociologie des Organizations, Scinces Po, Paris Annalisa Tonarelli, Department of Political Science and Sociology, University of Florence Carlo Trigilia, University of Florence Helmut Voelzkow, Max Planck Institute for Society Research at Cologne