Learning in practice Factors associated with success in medical school: systematic review of the literature
Learning in practice Factors associated with success in medical school: systematic review of the literature
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在实践中学习与医学院成功相关的因素：文献的系统回顾
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通讯作者：
Laura Madeley
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作者：
E. Ferguson;David James;Laura Madeley
近年来，英国医学生的选拔受到了严格的审查。一些作者声称，歧视现象有利于白人申请者、女性申请者和私立学校的申请者。劳拉·斯宾塞等备受瞩目的案例引发了公众对医生选择、培训和验证的质疑。从后勤角度来看，医学生选拔过程并不令人满意（10 000 名学生中大约有 40 000 份申请仅获得 5000 个名额），并且导致机会发挥很大作用并造成明显的不公平。全国各地的医学院选择未来医生的标准都是相似的。它们包括学术能力、对医学的洞察力（包括工作经验）、课外活动和兴趣、个性、动机以及语言和沟通技巧。但使用这些标准的证据基础是什么？医学院院长和院长委员会委托对被认为是医学成功的重要预测因素的因素进行了系统审查。我们报告了 2000 年 6 月至 8 月进行的系统评价的结果。该评价检查了与医学生选拔相关的八个标准的预测有效性数据：认知因素（以前的学术能力）、非认知因素（个性、学习方式、面试、推荐信、个人陈述）和人口因素（性别、种族）。以前的学术能力、个人陈述、推荐信和面试都传统上用于选拔，但它们在预测未来表现方面有多好呢？个性和学习风格传统上不被使用，但它们应该被使用吗？
Selection of medical students in the United Kingdom has come under intense scrutiny in recent years. Some authors have claimed that discrimination occurs in favour of white applicants, female applicants, and applicants from independent schools. High profile cases, such as that of Laura Spence, have led to a public questioning of the selection, training, and validation of doctors. The process of selecting medical students is unsatisfactory from a logistical point of view (approximately 40 000 applications are allowed from 10 000 students for just 5000 places) and leads to chance playing a big part and to apparent unfairness. The criteria medical schools use to select future doctors are similar across the country. They include academic ability, insight into medicine (including work experience), extracurricular activities and interests, personality, motivation, and linguistic and communication skills. But what is the evidence base for using these criteria? The Committee of Deans and Heads of Medical Schools commissioned a systematic review of factors believed to be significant predictors of success in medicine. We report the results of that systematic review, which was carried out from June to August 2000. The review examines data on the predictive validity of the eight criteria that have been studied in relation to the selection of medical students: cognitive factors (previous academic ability), non-cognitive factors (personality, learning styles, interviews, references, personal statements), and demographic factors (sex, ethnicity). Previous academic ability, personal statements, references, and interviews are all traditionally used in selection, but how good are they at predicting future performance? Personality and learning styles are not traditionally used, but should they be?