Japan: Universal Health Care at 50 Years 1 What has made the population of Japan healthy?
Japan: Universal Health Care at 50 Years 1 What has made the population of Japan healthy?
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61055-6
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发表时间：
2011-09-17
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Shibuya, Kenji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ikeda, Nayu;Saito, Eiko;Shibuya, Kenji
日本人出生时的预期寿命是世界上最长的。在这里，我们收集了有关日本人口健康的最佳证据，以调查过去50年来日本人健康的原因。日本人口在相当短的时间内实现了长寿，从20世纪50年代到60年代初，传染病死亡率迅速下降，随后中风死亡率大幅下降。在1950年代，除中风外，日本的非传染性疾病死亡率适中。1960年代中期以后，人口健康继续得到改善，为此采取了初级和二级预防性社区公共卫生措施，以降低非传染性疾病造成的成人死亡率，并通过全民保险计划更多地使用先进的医疗技术。健康不平等现象的减少以及人口平均健康状况的改善，部分归因于平等的教育机会和获得保健的经济机会。日本在第二次世界大战以来的健康转型中取得了成功，现在需要应对人口迅速老龄化带来的重大健康挑战，这些挑战不适用于健康技术，以及社会差距扩大的影响，以维持人口健康的改善。
People in Japan have the longest life expectancy at birth in the world. Here, we compile the best available evidence about population health in Japan to investigate what has made the Japanese people healthy in the past 50 years. The Japanese population achieved longevity in a fairly short time through a rapid reduction in mortality rates for communicable diseases from the 1950s to the early 1960s, followed by a large reduction in stroke mortality rates. Japan had moderate mortality rates for non-communicable diseases, with the exception of stroke, in the 1950s. The improvement in population health continued after the mid-1960s through the implementation of primary and secondary preventive community public health measures for adult mortality from non-communicable diseases and an increased use of advanced medical technologies through the universal insurance scheme. Reduction in health inequalities with improved average population health was partly attributable to equal educational opportunities and financial access to care. With the achievement of success during the health transition since World War 2, Japan now needs to tackle major health challenges that are emanating from a rapidly ageing population, causes that are not amenable to health technologies, and the effects of increasing social disparities to sustain the improvement in population health.