Manipulations of sensory experiences during development reveal mechanisms underlying vocal learning biases in zebra finches
Manipulations of sensory experiences during development reveal mechanisms underlying vocal learning biases in zebra finches
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DOI：
10.1002/dneu.22754
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发表时间：
2020-05-20
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Sakata, Jon T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
James, Logan S.;Davies, Ronald, Jr.;Sakata, Jon T.
学习中的生物倾向会对社会和交际行为(如言语和鸟鸣)的文化进化产生偏见和制约，并导致行为和文化“共性”的出现。例如，实验室和野生斑马雀种群的调查记录了发声元素(“音节”)与其声学特性(例如，持续时间、平均频率)的一致模式。此外，这种普遍的模式也是由鸟儿产生的，这些鸟儿在实验中接受了包含随机音节的歌曲的指导(“被教养的鸟类”)。尽管有大量的学习偏见的证明，但关于导致鸣禽学习和产生歌曲的生物学倾向的本质，仍有许多有待揭示。在这里，我们研究了在多大程度上“先天的”听觉模板和/或发声运动产生的偏向对斑马雀的发声学习偏向和发声产生有贡献。这种贡献可以通过研究在没有感官接触歌唱的情况下饲养的鸟类(“未受过训练的鸟类”)或从发育早期就无法听到的鸟类(“早聋鸟类”)的歌声模式来揭示。我们观察到，未经训练的斑马雀和早聋的斑马雀产生的歌声在某些声学特征(例如，平均频率)上具有位置变化，这类似于在接受训练的鸟类中观察到的普遍模式。与接受辅导的鸟类类似，早聋的鸟类也会产生歌唱主题，相邻音节之间的声学特征会发生变化。在未受过训练的鸟类和早期耳聋的鸟类的歌声中都观察到了普遍的声学模式，这突显了运动产生的偏见对文化传播行为中普遍存在的现象的影响。
Biological predispositions in learning can bias and constrain the cultural evolution of social and communicative behaviors (e.g., speech and birdsong), and lead to the emergence of behavioral and cultural "universals." For example, surveys of laboratory and wild populations of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) document consistent patterning of vocal elements ("syllables") with respect to their acoustic properties (e.g., duration, mean frequency). Furthermore, such universal patterns are also produced by birds that are experimentally tutored with songs containing randomly sequenced syllables ("tutored birds"). Despite extensive demonstrations of learning biases, much remains to be uncovered about the nature of biological predispositions that bias song learning and production in songbirds. Here, we examined the degree to which "innate" auditory templates and/or biases in vocal motor production contribute to vocal learning biases and production in zebra finches. Such contributions can be revealed by examining acoustic patterns in the songs of birds raised without sensory exposure to song ("untutored birds") or of birds that are unable to hear from early in development ("early-deafened birds"). We observed that untutored zebra finches and early-deafened zebra finches produce songs with positional variation in some acoustic features (e.g., mean frequency) that resemble universal patterns observed in tutored birds. Similar to tutored birds, early-deafened birds also produced song motifs with alternation in acoustic features across adjacent syllables. That universal acoustic patterns are observed in the songs of both untutored and early-deafened birds highlights the contribution motor production biases to the emergence of universals in culturally transmitted behaviors.