Post-Aila Community Recovery Innovations and Planning
Post-Aila Community Recovery Innovations and Planning
复制标题
艾拉后社区恢复创新和规划
DOI：
10.1007/978-4-431-54255-1_13
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
A. Islam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Mallick;A. Islam
在2009年的超级气旋艾拉之后，包括救济和恢复机构在内的灾害管理部门既没有充分也没有适当地规划和执行应对措施，2007年袭击孟加拉国西南部几乎同一地区的超级气旋锡德的情况也是如此。飓风艾拉破坏了超过50%的房屋，影响到1000万人，完全破坏了虾业-该国第二大出口收入来源，农业生态系统也崩溃，而农业生态系统是居民生计来源的重要基础。虽然政府在每次灾害后都对公共基础设施开展大规模的恢复行动（粮食、现金和住所1，695万美元，国际社会和联合国8，474万美元），但弱势群体生计和住所的恢复工作仍面临不足，需求仍未得到满足。与此同时，人们重新思考了灾后早期恢复的实际效用，包括恢复生计和重建更好的住房，以及与可持续发展有关的可能的减少风险替代办法。强调复原力问题，重点关注对非基础设施复原力、生计和知识以及治理的投资，为早日复原创造有利环境。现有的气旋避难所覆盖了约7.7%的沿海人口。气旋路径似乎从东南向西南延伸。艾拉受灾地区的生境状况虽然令人遗憾，但也提供了尝试创新的机会，其中之一就是抗灾生境的概念。DRH呼吁奋进实现灾害/气候防护集群定居作为弹性栖息地。这一努力包括以全面的方式加强整个村庄及其社区，建造抗气旋房屋和基础设施，使其能够抵御大风和风暴潮，保护生命和生计资产，即使发生破坏，也更容易恢复生活。本章将描述这一创新理念是如何产生的，以及如何实施的。该方法确保解决方案来自社区，而不是自上而下，包括动员社会、物质、生态和经济资源在内的一揽子计划，以及从规划到实施的所有者驱动的倡议，其中软件和硬件方面由社区管理。技术专长和当地技能的结合将成为创造性的解决办法。DRH被认为是比飓风避难所更具结构和生态可持续性的解决方案。也许在未来，对自上而下的飓风避难所的巨大投资可以更好地用于这种自下而上的全面减少风险的可持续方法。
In the aftermath of super cyclone Aila in 2009, there was neither adequately or appropriately response planning and implementation from disaster management including relief and rehabilitation agencies, as was the case with the super cyclone Sidr which hit almost same South West Region of Bangladesh in 2007. Cyclone Aila damaged >50 % of houses, affecting ten million people and totally damaged shrimp business—a source of second largest export earnings for the country and collapse of the agro-ecosystem as well which was critical base for livelihood source of the inhabitants. Although government undertakes sizeable recovery operation (USD16.95 million for food, cash and shelter and international community and UN USD84.74 million) for public infrastructure after each disaster but restoration at the vulnerable populations’ livelihood and shelter in particular faces deficient and needs remain unmet. At the same time there was the rethinking about the actual usefulness of post disaster early recovery including livelihood restoration and build back better shelters and possible risk reduction alternatives linked to sustainable development. Recovery resilient issue is emphasized to focus on investment on non-infrastructure resilience, livelihood and knowledge as well as governance to create enabling environment for early recovery. About 7.7 % of the coastal populations are covered by the existing cyclone shelters. The cyclone track seems to be extended from South East to South West. The state of habitat in the Aila affected areas, although deplorable provided the opportunity to try out innovations, one such being the concept of the Disaster Resilient Habitat (DRH). DRH called for an endeavor towards disaster/climate proof cluster settlement as the resilient habitat. This effort includes strengthening an entire village and its community together in a comprehensive manner with cyclone-resilient houses and infrastructure so that they are able to withstand winds and storm surges to protect both lives and livelihood assets and even if there is destruction, getting back to life is easier. This chapter will describe how this innovative idea came into being and how it was implemented. The approach ensured that solutions emerge from the community rather than being top down with a combination of package including mobilization of social, physical, ecological and economic resource, and owner driven initiatives from planning to implementation having both software and hardware aspects managed by the community. The combination of technical expertise and local skill would emerge as creative solution. The DRH is considered a more structurally and ecologically sustainable solution than cyclone shelters. Perhaps in the future huge investments in top down cyclone shelters can be better utilized in this bottom up sustainable approach of comprehensive risk reduction.