RNA in extracellular vesicles.
RNA in extracellular vesicles.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/wrna.1413
复制
发表时间：
2017-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gorospe M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim KM;Abdelmohsen K;Mustapic M;Kapogiannis D;Gorospe M
细胞向环境中释放一系列被膜包裹的细胞外小泡(EV)。其中，外体和微囊(总直径30-1000 nm)携带蛋白质、信号脂和核酸从供体细胞到受体细胞，因此被认为是细胞间通讯的媒介。EV在许多生理过程中运输细胞物质，包括分化、干细胞动态平衡、免疫反应和神经元信号转导。EVS也越来越多地被认为在病理过程中有直接作用，特别是癌症和神经变性。因此，EVS作为疾病的生物标志物和预后指标，甚至是治疗工具，一直是密集研究的重点。在这里，我们回顾了EV中存在的RNAs的类别，包括编码RNAs(MRNAs)和非编码RNAs(长的非编码RNAs、microRNAs和环状RNAs)。EV驻留的RNA作为生物标志物的日益受到关注源于这样一个事实，即可以使用许多方法以极低的数量检测到RNA。为了说明对EV生物学的兴趣，我们讨论了EV RNA在癌症和神经变性中的作用，这是两个主要的与年龄相关的疾病过程。
Cells release a range of membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the environment. Among them, exosomes and microvesicles (collectively measuring 30-1000 nm in diameter) carry proteins, signaling lipids, and nucleic acids from donor cells to recipient cells, and thus have been proposed to serve as intercellular mediators of communication. EVs transport cellular materials in many physiologic processes, including differentiation, stem cell homeostasis, immune responses, and neuronal signaling. EVs are also increasingly recognized as having a direct role in pathological processes, notably cancer and neurodegeneration. Accordingly, EVs have been the focus of intense investigation as biomarkers of disease and prognostic indicators, and even therapeutic tools. Here, we review the classes of RNAs present in EVs, both coding RNAs (mRNAs) and noncoding RNAs (long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs). The rising attention to EV-resident RNAs as biomarkers stems from the fact that RNAs can be detected at extremely low quantities using a number of methods. To illustrate the interest in EV biology, we discuss EV RNAs in cancer and neurodegeneration, two major age-associated disease processes.