Reducing poverty through preschool interventions
Reducing poverty through preschool interventions
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DOI：
10.1353/foc.2007.0015
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Magnuson, Katherine A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Duncan, Greg J.;Ludwig, Jens;Magnuson, Katherine A.
格雷格邓肯，延斯路德维希和凯瑟琳马格努森解释如何提供高质量的照顾，以弱势学龄前儿童可以帮助减少贫困。他们指出，在幼儿期，儿童的认知和社会情感技能发展迅速，对来自父母、家庭学习环境、儿童保育环境和医疗保健系统的“输入”很敏感。作者建议对经济上处于不利地位的三四岁儿童进行为期两年的集中教育干预。教室将由受过大学培训的教师组成，每名教师不超过6名儿童。教育将基于经过验证的学前教育和行为课程，每天为孩子提供三个小时的教育，并为工作的父母提供全面的儿童保育。作者估计，该项目的教育部分每年的费用约为8,000美元，儿童保育费用加起来约为4000美元。该计划将全额补贴低收入儿童的参与;高收入父母将支付全部费用。除去目前的支出，这项提案的总成本将达到每年200亿美元。研究人员估计，一些非常密集的幼儿项目每花费1美元，就能带来8到14美元的收益。作者认为，一个全国性的早期教育计划可能同样具有社会效益是不现实的，但他们估计，他们的建议可能会带来几倍于成本的好处。其中一些好处很快就会以减少在校人数和减少特殊教育分类的形式出现;其他好处则会以减少犯罪和提高经济生产力的形式出现。作者估计，他们的计划将使参与者未来的贫困率降低5%至15%。
Greg Duncan, Jens Ludwig, and Katherine Magnuson explain how providing high-quality care to disadvantaged preschool children can help reduce poverty. In early childhood, they note, children's cognitive and socioemotional skills develop rapidly and are sensitive to "inputs" from parents, home learning environments, child care settings, and the health care system.The authors propose an intensive two-year, education-focused intervention for economically disadvantaged three- and four-year-olds. Classrooms would be staffed by college-trained teachers and have no more than six children per teacher. Instruction would be based on proven preschool academic and behavioral curricula and would be provided to children for three hours a day, with wraparound child care available to working parents.The authors estimate that the annual cost of the instructional portion of the program would be about $8,000, with child care adding up to another $4,000. The program would fully subsidize low-income children's participation; high-income parents would pay the full cost. The total cost of the proposal, net of current spending, would be $20 billion a year.Researchers have estimated that a few very intensive early childhood programs have generated benefits of as much as $8 to $14 for every $1 in cost. The authors think it unrealistic that a nationwide early education program could be equally socially profitable, but they estimate that their proposal would likely have benefits amounting to several times its cost. Some of the benefits would appear quickly in the form of less school retention and fewer special education classifications; others would show up later in the form of less crime and greater economic productivity. The authors estimate that their program would reduce the future poverty rates of participants by between 5 percent and 15 percent.