Microzooplanktonic grazers - A potentially devastating threat to the commercial success of microalgal mass culture
Microzooplanktonic grazers - A potentially devastating threat to the commercial success of microalgal mass culture
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DOI：
10.1016/j.algal.2017.08.024
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发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Hu, Qiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Day, John G.;Gong, Yingchun;Hu, Qiang
真核微藻和原核蓝藻是全球最重要的初级生产者，构成了水生生态系统食物网的基础。因此，它们被各种各样的原生动物（如变形虫、鞭毛虫和纤毛虫）以及浮游动物和较大的后生动物食草动物吃掉。与陆地农业一样，放牧有可能破坏微藻“作物”，这对发展中的微藻产业的商业成功具有明显的影响。虽然在传统农业中，数千年来对相对少量作物的开发已经产生了可以处理这一问题的工具、知识和策略，但在微藻大规模培养的情况下，这一点相对不发达。这篇综述探讨了我们目前对这一问题的理解以及需要进一步研究的地方，重点是食草动物的多样性以及微藻在各种环境制度和培养条件下如何避免被消灭。此外，本文还讨论了藻类大规模养殖的影响，其目标是保持虚拟的单一养殖，并讨论了如何预防/最小化感染，以及如果感染发生，如何管理以防止藻类作物生产力或质量的过度损失。最终目标将是发展出可靠的方法，以便及早发现微藻大规模培养物的“感染”。这将允许及时实施最佳管理措施，以防止/减少放牧造成的损害。在现实中，虽然会有一些共同的领域，就像陆地作物一样，但方法将需要为每个藻类分类群、栽培系统和地点量身定制。
Eukaryotic microalgae and prokaryotic cyanobacteria are globally the most important primary producers, forming the base of food web in aquatic ecosystems. As such, they are eaten by a huge diversity of protistan taxa (e.g., amoeba, flagellates and ciliates), as well as zooplanktonic and larger metazoan grazers. As in terrestrial agriculture, grazing has the potential to devastate the microalgal "crop" and this has obvious implications to the commercial success of the developing microalgal industry. Whilst in conventional agriculture thousands of years of exploitation of a relatively small number of crop plants, has resulted in tools, knowledge and strategies that can manage this issue, in the case of microalgal mass culture this is relatively undeveloped. This review explores our current understanding of the issue and where further research is needed, focusing on the diversity of grazers and how microalgae under various environmental regimes and culture conditions avoid being annihilated. In addition, the implications of algal mass culture, where the objective is to maintain a virtual monoculture, are discussed in the context of how infection could be prevented/ minimised and if infection occurs, how this may be managed to prevent excessive losses in productivity or quality of the algal crop. The ultimate objective would be the development of robust methodologies for the early detection of "infection" of microalgal mass-cultures. This would allow the timely implementation of best management practices to prevent/reduce, damage caused by grazing. In reality, whilst there will be areas of commonality, as in terrestrial agricultural crops, methods will be need to be specifically tailored for each algal taxon, cultivation system and location.