Ontogeny repeats phylogeny in Steatoda and Latrodectus spiders
Ontogeny repeats phylogeny in Steatoda and Latrodectus spiders
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DOI：
10.1636/b10-05.1
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Eberhard, William G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barrantes, Gilbert;Eberhard, William G.
年轻蜘蛛的网页设计往往比那些老同种个体少衍生。本研究测试了这种“个体发育重复重复生殖”模式是否发生在两种Latrodectus和两种密切相关的属脂肪。这种模式被认为发生在最近的一项研究中的第三个物种，Latrodectus，L。geometricus，试图推断出一个可能的进化衍生的橡胶足网的theridids的基础上的个体发育变化。我们发现，相同的基本个体发育重复的个体发育模式在所有四个物种，这表明以前的假设是合理的。结果表明，两种寇蛛幼蛛的网与成虫的网相似度较高，而寇蛛幼蛛的网与成虫的网相似度较高。几何学L.的一个明显的衍生性状。奇异的，附着猎物仍然作为伪装的蜘蛛在网络的中心部分，并没有改变个体发育过程中，并存在于即使是第一龄幼蜘蛛的网络。田间观察表明，L. Mirabilis的研究表明，发生在许多Latrodectus物种中的腹部颜色模式从浅色到深色的个体发育变化可能是由于伪装选择的变化，这些变化与蜘蛛网设计和蜘蛛休息场所的个体发育变化有关。肥蛛的网也符合个体发育模式：两个物种中至少有一些个体发育变化涉及年轻蜘蛛，它们的衍生特征比成年蜘蛛少。在某些方面，脂蛛幼蛛的网比Latrodectus早期的网更具有衍生性。
Web designs of young spiders are often less derived than those of older conspecific individuals. This study tested whether this "ontogeny repeats phylogeny" pattern occurs in two species of Latrodectus and two species of the closely related genus Steatoda. This pattern was assumed to occur in a recent study of a third Latrodectus species, L. geometricus, which attempted to deduce a probable evolutionary derivation of gum-foot webs of theridiids on the basis of ontogenetic changes. We found the same basic ontogeny repeats phylogeny ontogenetic pattern in all four species, suggesting that the previous suppositions were justified. As expected, the webs of the young instars of the two Latrodectus species were more similar than those of the adults, and were more similar to those of young than to those of adults of L. geometricus. One apparently derived trait of L. mirabilis, attaching prey remains as camouflage for the spider in the central portion of the web, did not change during ontogeny, and was present in even the webs of first-instar spiderlings. Field observations of L. mirabilis suggest that the ontogenetic change from light to darker abdominal color patterns that occurs in many Latrodectus species may result from changes in selection for camouflage associated with ontogenetic changes in web designs and the spiders' resting sites. The webs of Steatoda also fit the ontogenetic pattern: at least some ontogenetic changes in both species involved younger spiders having less derived traits than those of adults. The webs of young Steatoda spiders were more derived in some respects than those of the early instars of Latrodectus.