Temperature effects on the acidity of remote alpine lakes
Temperature effects on the acidity of remote alpine lakes
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DOI：
10.1038/387064a0
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发表时间：
1997-05
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Sabine Sommaruga-Wögrath;K. Koinig;R. Schmidt;R. Sommaruga;R. Tessadri;R. Psenner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sabine Sommaruga-Wögrath;K. Koinig;R. Schmidt;R. Sommaruga;R. Tessadri;R. Psenner
气候变化以及大气中硫和氮沉降的变化以复杂且特定地点的方式影响敏感湖泊的酸碱平衡1-3。例如，尽管一些地区的湖泊随着大气硫酸盐沉积量的减少而出现硫酸盐浓度下降4-6，但pH值和碱度的预期恢复并不总是发生，这意味着对当地气候变化的额外反应。在此，我们报告了对 57 个偏远高山湖泊的研究，结果表明，1985 年至 1995 年间，湖泊 pH 值以及硫酸盐、碱性阳离子和二氧化硅的浓度有所增加，而无机氮浓度却有所下降。这与大气输入趋势形成鲜明对比，大气输入趋势导致同期硫酸盐减少和氮沉降略有增加7,8。因此，我们认为，自1985年以来，气温升高了约1°C，导致了风化作用的增强和生物活动的增加，从而导致了湖泊化学的变化。我们对覆盖200年的高山湖泊核心的分析提供了进一步的证据，证明pH值与平均气温之间存在很强的正相关性，从而证明高海拔和高纬度湖泊对气候变暖的高度敏感性。在这些偏远地区，温度影响而非酸沉积似乎主导了湖泊酸度的变化。
Climate variations and changes in sulphur and nitrogen deposition from the atmosphere influence the acid–base balance of sensitive lakes in a complex and site-specific way1–3. For example, although lakes in several regions have shown a decline in sulphate concentration following reductions in atmospheric sulphate deposition4–6, the expected recovery of pH and alkalinity has not always taken place, implicating an additional response to changes in the local climate. Here we report a study of 57 remote alpine lakes which shows that, between 1985 and 1995, lake pH and the concentration of sulphate, base cations and silica have increased, whereas inorganic nitrogen concentrations have decreased. This contrasts with atmospheric input trends, which have led to a decrease in sulphate and a slight increase in nitrogen deposition over the same period7,8. We propose that the changes in lake chemistry are therefore likely to be caused by enhanced weathering and increased biological activity resulting from an increase in air temperature of about 1 °C since 1985. Our analysis of an alpine lake core covering a 200-year period provides further evidence for a strong positive correlation between pH and mean air temperatures, and thus for the high sensitivity of lakes at high altitudes and high latitudes to climate warming. In these remote locations, temperature effects, rather than acid deposition, appear to dominate changes in lake acidity.