SARS-CoV-2 ORF8: One protein, seemingly one structure, and many functions.
SARS-CoV-2 ORF8: One protein, seemingly one structure, and many functions.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035559
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
SARS-CoV-2 是导致 COVID-19 大流行的病毒。 SARS-CoV-2 的基因组编码九种参与宿主与病原体相互作用的辅助蛋白。 ORF8 在这些辅助蛋白中是独一无二的。 SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 与 SARS-COV ORF8 的氨基酸序列相似性极低（30%），推测起源于蝙蝠。研究表明，ORF8 发挥多种不同的功能，干扰宿主免疫反应，包括下调 MHC I 类分子。这些功能可能代表宿主免疫逃避的策略。 ORF8 的 X 射线晶体结构揭示了一个类似免疫球蛋白的结构域，具有几个显着特征。迄今为止，关于 SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 蛋白及其结构与功能关系，还有许多未解答的问题，我们将在这篇小综述中讨论这些问题。需要更好地了解 ORF8 如何与免疫系统组件相互作用，以阐明 COVID-19 发病机制并开发治疗该疾病的新途径。
SARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes nine accessory proteins that are involved in host-pathogen interaction. ORF8 is unique among these accessory proteins. SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 shares a surprisingly low amino acid sequence similarity with SARS-COV ORF8 (30%), and it is presumed to have originated from bat. Studies have shown that ORF8 exerts multiple different functions that interfere with host immune responses, including the downregulation of MHC class I molecules. These functions may represent strategies of host immune evasion. The x-ray crystal structure of ORF8 revealed an immunoglobulin-like domain with several distinguishing features. To date, there are numerous unanswered questions about SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 protein and its structure-function relationship that we discuss in this mini-review. A better understanding of how ORF8 interacts with components of the immune system is needed for elucidating COVID-19 pathogenesis and to develop new avenues for the treatment of the disease.