Cell Chirality Drives Left-Right Asymmetric Morphogenesis.
Cell Chirality Drives Left-Right Asymmetric Morphogenesis.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2018.00034
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Matsuno K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Inaki M;Sasamura T;Matsuno K
细胞中发现的大多数大分子都是手性的，这意味着它们不能叠加到镜像上。然而，细胞本身也可以是手性的，直到最近这个话题才受到很少的关注。在我们对果蝇左右（LR）不对称发育机制的研究中，我们发现细胞的结构可以具有内在的手性，并且这种“细胞手性”通常是该物种中某些器官的LR不对称发育的原因。肌动蛋白细胞骨架在细胞手性的形成中起着重要作用。此外，编码果蝇肌球蛋白 ID 的肌球蛋白 31DF (Myo31DF) 被确定为细胞手性的分子开关。在其他无脊椎动物物种中，包括蜗牛和秀丽隐杆线虫，卵裂球的手性（另一种类型的细胞手性）决定了体内结构的 LR 不对称性。因此，细胞水平的手性可能广泛地促进各种无脊椎动物物种的LR不对称发育。最近，还报道了各种脊椎动物培养细胞的细胞手性，研究表明细胞手性在进化上是保守的，包括肌动蛋白细胞骨架的重要作用。尽管细胞手性在脊椎动物中的生物学作用仍然未知，但它可能控制 LR 不对称发育或其他形态发生事件。细胞手性的研究才刚刚开始，这个新领域应该为生物学和医学提供有价值的新见解。
Most macromolecules found in cells are chiral, meaning that they cannot be superimposed onto their mirror image. However, cells themselves can also be chiral, a subject that has received little attention until very recently. In our studies on the mechanisms of left-right (LR) asymmetric development in Drosophila, we discovered that cells can have an intrinsic chirality to their structure, and that this “cell chirality” is generally responsible for the LR asymmetric development of certain organs in this species. The actin cytoskeleton plays important roles in the formation of cell chirality. In addition, Myosin31DF (Myo31DF), which encodes Drosophila Myosin ID, was identified as a molecular switch for cell chirality. In other invertebrate species, including snails and Caenorhabditis elegans, chirality of the blastomeres, another type of cell chirality, determines the LR asymmetry of structures in the body. Thus, chirality at the cellular level may broadly contribute to LR asymmetric development in various invertebrate species. Recently, cell chirality was also reported for various vertebrate cultured cells, and studies suggested that cell chirality is evolutionarily conserved, including the essential role of the actin cytoskeleton. Although the biological roles of cell chirality in vertebrates remain unknown, it may control LR asymmetric development or other morphogenetic events. The investigation of cell chirality has just begun, and this new field should provide valuable new insights in biology and medicine.