Extra-pair paternity and egg dumping in birds: life history, parental care and the risk of retaliation
Extra-pair paternity and egg dumping in birds: life history, parental care and the risk of retaliation
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2002.2013
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发表时间：
2002-06-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Owens, IPF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnold, KE;Owens, IPF
分子技术揭示了不同鸟类在种内寄生率（IBP）和种外父系率（EPP）方面的显著差异。就受影响的鱼种比例而言，不同鱼种的EPP和IBP比率分别为0-95%和0-50%。尽管有大量的假设和一些仔细的比较分析，但这种种间变异的可靠相关性很少被确定。对这一不足的一种解释是，大多数比较研究倾向于关注当代生态因素，而忽视了数百万年前进化的生殖生物学的根本差异。结果表明，在EPP和IBP中，超过50%的种间变异是由于分类科和目之间的差异造成的。因此，我们验证了这样的假设，即预测不同生殖策略的种间变异率应该与生活史和亲代抚育形式的差异有关。我们的分析在很大程度上支持了这些预测，生殖出轨率高与“快”的生活史有关。高EPP率与成人死亡率高和父亲照顾减少有关。高IBP率与高繁殖率相关。无论我们使用物种作为独立的数据点，还是基于分子或形态系统发育的进化对比，这些模式都是完整的。这些结果被解释为支持这样一种观点，即在报复风险较低的分类群中，替代生殖策略最常见。我们建议对不同生殖策略发生率的种间变异进行层次解释。主要鸟类谱系之间EPP和IBP率的差异是由数百万年前进化的生活史和亲代照顾的根本差异决定的。然而，同一物种的种群或个体之间的差异更可能是由当代生态和遗传因素的差异决定的。
Molecular techniques have revealed striking variation among bird species in the rates of extra-pair paternity (EPP) and intraspecific brood parasitism (IBP). In terms of the proportion of broods affected, rates of EPP and IBP vary across species from 0-95% and 0-50%, respectively. Despite a plethora of hypotheses and several careful comparative analyses, few robust correlates of this interspecific variation have been identified. One explanation for this shortfall is that most comparative studies have tended to focus on contemporary ecological factors and ignored fundamental differences in reproductive biology that evolved millions of years ago. We show that, for both EPP and IBP, over 50% of interspecific variation is due to differences among taxonomic families and orders. Therefore, we test hypotheses that predict interspecific variation in the rate of alternative reproductive strategies should be associated with differences in life history and the form of parental care. Our analyses largely support these predictions, with high rates of reproductive cheating being associated with 'fast' life histories. High EPP rates are associated with high rates of adult mortality and reduced paternal care. High IBP rates are associated with high-fecundity rates. These patterns remain intact whether we use species as independent data points or evolutionary contrasts based on either molecular or morphological phylogenies. These results are interpreted as supporting the idea that alternative reproductive strategies are most common in taxa in which the risks of retaliation are low. We suggest a hierarchical explanation for interspecific variation in the incidence of alternative reproductive strategies. Variation between major avian lineages in the EPP and IBP rates are determined by fundamental differences in life history and parental care that evolved many millions of years ago. Variation between populations or individuals of the same species, however, are more likely to be determined by differences in contemporary ecological and genetic factors.