Sporulation Potential of Phytophthora ramorum Differs Among Common California Plant Species in the Big Sur Region
Sporulation Potential of Phytophthora ramorum Differs Among Common California Plant Species in the Big Sur Region
复制标题
大苏尔地区常见加州植物物种的孢子形成潜力存在差异
DOI：
10.1094/pdis-03-20-0485-re
复制
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Rizzo, David M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rosenthal, Lisa M.;Fajardo, Sebastian N.;Rizzo, David M.
由多能病原菌多枝疫霉（Phytophthora ramorum）引起的橡树猝死病（SOD）对加州沿海生态系统产生了深远的影响。SOD在很大程度上被认为是一个双宿主系统，加州伞是最具传播性的宿主，密花假石栎属（Notholithocarpus densiflorus）次之，其余物种在流行病学上不重要。然而，这种对传播潜力的理解主要来自实地观察研究，而不是对植物物种多样性的直接测量。在这里，我们正式量化常见的植物物种栖息在大苏尔地区的加州海岸的SOD特有的生态系统的孢子形成潜力。这项研究使我们能够更好地了解病原体的基本生物学，SOD在不断变化的环境中的轨迹，以及整个宿主社区如何导致疾病风险。在实验室条件下，对多枝拟青霉的侵染性和抗性繁殖体孢子囊和厚垣孢子的产生进行了研究。孢子囊产量以N.密花杜鹃属加利福尼亚州和差异不显著。尽管其他物种的产量要少得多，但数量不是零。因此，其他物种可能在当地传播中发挥以前未被认识到的作用。厚垣孢子的生产是最高的在槭macrophyllumandCeanothusoliganthus，提出了问题，他们在病原体的持久性中发挥的作用。病灶大小并不总是与孢子囊或厚垣孢子的生产。总体而言，我们取得了实证基础，以更好地了解社区组成如何影响传输ofP。枝。
Sudden oak death (SOD), caused by the generalist pathogenPhytophthora ramorum, has profoundly impacted California coastal ecosystems. SOD has largely been treated as a two-host system, withUmbellularia californicaas the most transmissive host,Notholithocarpus densiflorusless so, and remaining species as epidemiologically unimportant. However, this understanding of transmission potential primarily stems from observational field studies rather than direct measurements on the diverse assemblage of plant species. Here, we formally quantify the sporulation potential of common plant species inhabiting SOD-endemic ecosystems on the California coast in the Big Sur region. This study allows us to better understand the pathogen’s basic biology, trajectory of SOD in a changing environment, and how the entire host community contributes to disease risk. Leaves were inoculated in a controlled laboratory environment and assessed for production of sporangia and chlamydospores, the infectious and resistant propagules, respectively.P. ramorumwas capable of infecting every species in our study and almost all species produced spores to some extent. Sporangia production was greatest inN. densiflorusandU. californicaand the difference was insignificant. Even though other species produced much less, quantities were nonzero. Thus, additional species may play a previously unrecognized role in local transmission. Chlamydospore production was highest inAcer macrophyllumandCeanothus oliganthus, raising questions about the role they play in pathogen persistence. Lesion size did not consistently correlate with the production of either sporangia or chlamydospores. Overall, we achieved an empirical foundation to better understand how community composition affects transmission ofP. ramorum.