Phylogeography and ethnogenesis of aboriginal Southeast Asians
Phylogeography and ethnogenesis of aboriginal Southeast Asians
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DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msl124
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Richards, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hill, Catherine;Soares, Pedro;Richards, Martin
研究马来西亚半岛Orang Asli的遗传史可以为整个东南亚人民提供关键线索。我们分析了该地区447个线粒体DNA(MtDNA)控制区和编码区的标记，其中包括260个Orang Asli，代表了塞芒族、Senoi人和原住民马来人的每个传统群体，使我们能够检验关于他们起源的假设。所有的Orang Asli群体都经历了高度的遗传漂移，但系统地理痕迹仍然存在，他们的母系祖先。塞芒人在马来半岛有着深厚的祖先，可以追溯到5万年前最初在非洲定居的人。塞诺伊人似乎是一个复合群体，大约一半的母系谱系可以追溯到塞曼人的祖先，大约一半可以追溯到印度支那。这与认为他们代表早期说欧亚语的农学家的后裔的说法是一致的，这些农学家在大约4000年前将他们的语言和技术带到了半岛南部，并与土著人口结合在一起。原住民马来人更加多样化，尽管如预期的那样，他们表现出与东南亚岛屿的一些联系，但他们也拥有一些在其他地方要么是新鲜的，要么是罕见的单倍群。与预期相反，其中之一R9b的完整mtDNA基因组序列表明，其祖先大约在末次冰川盛期时在印度支那，随后是全新世早期，通过马来半岛扩散到东南亚岛屿。
Studying the genetic history of the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia can provide crucial clues to the peopling of Southeast Asia as a whole. We have analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNAs) control-region and coding-region markers in 447 mtDNAs from the region, including 260 Orang Asli, representative of each of the traditional groupings, the Semang, the Senoi, and the Aboriginal Malays, allowing us to test hypotheses about their origins. All of the Orang Asli groups have undergone high levels of genetic drift, but phylogeographic traces nevertheless remain of the ancestry of their maternal lineages. The Semang have a deep ancestry within the Malay Peninsula, dating to the initial settlement from Africa > 50,000 years ago. The Senoi appear to be a composite group, with approximately half of the maternal lineages tracing back to the ancestors of the Semang and about half to Indochina. This is in agreement with the suggestion that they represent the descendants of early Austroasiatic speaking agriculturalists, who brought both their language and their technology to the southern part of the peninsula similar to 4,000 years ago and coalesced with the indigenous population. The Aboriginal Malays are more diverse, and although they show some connections with island Southeast Asia, as expected, they also harbor haplogroups that are either novel or rare elsewhere. Contrary to expectations, complete mtDNA genome sequences from one of these, R9b, suggest an ancestry in Indochina around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, followed by an early-Holocene dispersal through the Malay Peninsula into island Southeast Asia.