Trends of sexually transmitted diseases and antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Trends of sexually transmitted diseases and antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
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淋病奈瑟菌性传播疾病和抗菌药物耐药性的趋势。
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.08.029
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
10.8
通讯作者：
Tetsurou Matsumoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tetsurou Matsumoto
性传播疾病，特别是艾滋病毒感染、淋球菌感染和生殖器衣原体感染在全世界都在增加。艾滋病方案最近报告说，艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者人数一直在增加，非洲国家的发病率最高，其次是加勒比、亚洲和东欧国家。艾滋病毒感染在日本也逐渐增加。在非艾滋病毒性传播疾病中，生殖器衣原体感染在全世界也在增加。相反，淋球菌感染在除亚洲国家以外的许多国家一直在减少。N.淋病的感染部位也在发生变化。咽部是最重要的感染部位，因为咽部淋球菌感染可能是N.淋病抗微生物N.淋病在世界各地广泛分布。例如，青霉素抗性N.淋病流行于世界各地，耐氟喹诺酮类的淋病奈瑟氏菌是淋病流行的主要病原菌。淋病主要在亚洲流行。除了青霉素、四环素和氟喹诺酮类药物耐药外，N.在日本，淋病对除头孢曲松和头孢地嗪外的几乎所有头孢菌素都获得了耐药性。虽然对头孢曲松、头孢地嗪和大观霉素均无耐药菌株，但头孢曲松1.0g单次给药对淋球菌的清除率达100%，是治疗包括咽部感染在内的淋球菌感染的最佳方案。最近的一项研究从尿道、宫颈和咽部获得了淋病。
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), especially HIV infection, gonococcal infection and genital chlamydial infections are increasing all over the world. UNAIDS recently reported that the number of HIV/AIDS patients had been increasing and the highest prevalence was found in African countries, followed by Caribbean, Asian and Eastern European countries. HIV infection has also been gradually increasing in Japan. In non-HIV STDs, genital chlamydial infections are increasing in worldwide also. On the contrary, gonococcal infections have been decreasing in many countries except Asian countries. N. gonorrhoeae has been changing in its infecting sites. The pharynx is the most important infecting site, because gonococcal infection in the pharynx may be one of the causes of the wide spread of N. gonorrhoeae. Antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae has wide distribution throughout the world. For example, penicillin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae is prevalent in various part of the world, and fluoroquinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae is prevalent mainly in Asia. In addition to penicillin, tetracycline and fluoroquinolone resistance, N. gonorrhoeae acquired resistance to almost all of the cephalosporins except for ceftriaxone and cefodizime in Japan. Although there is no resistant strain to ceftriaxone, cefodizime and spectinomycin, 1.0g single dose of ceftriaxone is considered to be the most suitable regimen for the treatment of gonococcal infection including the pharyngeal infection, because of the 100% elimination rate of N. gonorrhoeae from the urethra, cervix and pharynx obtained in a recent study.