Fruit bats and bat fruits: the evolution of fruit scent in relation to the foraging behaviour of bats in the New and Old World tropics
Fruit bats and bat fruits: the evolution of fruit scent in relation to the foraging behaviour of bats in the New and Old World tropics
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.12101
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hodgkison, Robert;Ayasse, Manfred;Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.
1. 蝙蝠（翼手目）的食果性在新大陆和旧大陆热带地区独立进化：分别属于叶口蝙蝠科和翼手足科。这两个家族的蝙蝠主要依靠嗅觉来确定水果的位置。然而，蝙蝠对果香进化的影响几乎完全未知。2．本研究以榕树属为模型，旨在探索与巴拿马和马来西亚两种对比种子传播综合征相关的果香化学成分，并评估果香对新热带和古热带食果蝙蝠（分别为 Artibeus jamaicensis 和 Cynopterus brachyotis）觅食行为的影响。测试了两个假设：(i) 蝙蝠和鸟类传播的无花果之间的果香差异与系统发育无关；(ii) 在每个半球独立进化的旧世界和新世界果蝠，在果香方面具有相同的嗅觉偏好。3。使用动态顶空吸附技术在田间对蝙蝠和鸟类传播的无花果物种的果香进行了采样。然后捕获新旧世界果蝠并测试来自两个半球的天然无花果果香味。4。使用气相色谱 (GC) 和气相色谱/质谱 (MS) 进行的化学分析显示，来自两个半球的蝙蝠传播的无花果品种之间的气味化合物存在广泛的重叠。它们的水果气味以单萜为主，与系统发育预测相反，这两个地区的鸟类分散物种完全不存在单萜。5。在行为实验中，蝙蝠传播的无花果的果香对新热带蝙蝠（A. jamaicensis）具有高度吸引力，而鸟类传播的无花果则完全被拒绝。新热带蝙蝠（A. jamaicensis）表现出对以单萜为主的无花果气味的显着偏好，与气味的地理起源无关。相比之下，古热带蝙蝠（C. brachyotis）拒绝来自新热带地区富含单萜的水果气味。6。在聚类分析中（包括来自文献的其他已发表的数据），蝙蝠传播的无花果的果香按亚属聚集在一起，但古热带无花果亚属 Sycomorus 除外。来自马来西亚的 C. brachyotis 是唯一一种明显偏爱不含单萜的无花果香气的果蝠。
1. Frugivory among bats (Chiroptera) has evolved independently in the New and Old World tropics: within the families Phyllostomidae and Pteropodidae, respectively. Bats from both families rely primarily on olfaction for the location of fruits. However, the influence of bats on the evolution of fruit scent is almost completely unknown.2. Using the genus Ficus as a model, the aims of this study were to explore the chemical composition of fruit scent in relation to two contrasting seed dispersal syndromes in Panama and Malaysia and to assess the influence of fruit scent on the foraging behaviour of neo- and palaeotropical fruit-eating bats (Artibeus jamaicensis and Cynopterus brachyotis, respectively). Two hypotheses were tested: (i) variation in fruit scent, between bat-and bird-dispersed figs, is independent of phylogeny and (ii) Old and New World fruit bats, which have evolved independently in each hemisphere, share the same olfactory preferences with respect to fruit scent.3. The fruit scents of bat-and bird-dispersed fig species were sampled in the field, using dynamic headspace adsorption techniques. New and Old World fruit bats were then captured and tested on natural fig fruit scents from both hemispheres.4. Chemical analyses, using gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS), revealed a broad overlap in scent compounds between bat-dispersed fig species from both hemispheres. Their fruit scents were dominated by monoterpenes, which contrary to phylogenetic predictions, were completely absent from bird-dispersed species from both regions.5. The fruit scents of bat-dispersed figs were highly attractive to neotropical bats (A. jamaicensis) in behavioural experiments, whereas those of bird-dispersed figs were completely rejected. Neotropical bats (A. jamaicensis) exhibited a significant preference for fig fruit scents dominated by monoterpenes, independent of the geographical origin of the scent. Palaeotropical bats (C. brachyotis), by contrast, rejected monoterpene-rich fruit scents from the Neotropics.6. In a cluster analysis (which included additional, published data from the literature), the fruit scents of bat-dispersed figs were clumped by subgenus, with the exception of palaeotropical figs of the subgenus Sycomorus. C. brachyotis, from Malaysia, was the only fruit bat species that significantly preferred the fruit scents of Sycomorus figs that contained no monoterpenes.