The Primacy Effect in Impression Formation: Some Replications and Extensions
The Primacy Effect in Impression Formation: Some Replications and Extensions
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DOI：
10.1177/1948550618771003
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Sullivan, Jessica
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sullivan, Jessica
被描述为“有趣、机智、恶毒”的人通常比被描述为“恶毒、机智、有趣”的人更受欢迎，尽管这些陈述在语义上是等同的。这就是印象形成中的首因效应。我们测试了这些影响是否来自对交际意图的语用推断（例如，（1）首先要传达最重要的信息）。参与者听到一系列描述词，最积极的形容词列在第一个或最后一个;他们还了解到：（a）列表是由人类编制的（允许最重要的信息应该首先传达的推断）或（B）由计算机随机排序的（从而阻止这种推断）。在五个实验（总N = 2，882）中，我们发现支持印象形成中的小首因效应，但没有发现首因效应的实用主义解释的证据。
Individuals described as "fun, witty, and vicious" are typically rated more favorably than those described as "vicious, witty, and fun" despite the semantic equivalence of these statements. This is known as the primacy effect in impression formation. We tested whether these effects emerge from pragmatic inferences about communicative intentions (e.g., that communicators should relay the most important information first). Participants heard a list of descriptors, with the most positive adjective listed either first or last; they also learned either that (a) the list was compiled by a human (licensing the inference that the most important information should be conveyed first) or (b) randomly ordered by a computer (thus blocking such an inference). Across five experiments (total N = 2,882), we found support for a small primacy effect in impression formation, but found no evidence of a pragmatic explanation for primacy effects.