Instantiating the multiple levels of analysis perspective in a program of study on externalizing behavior.
Instantiating the multiple levels of analysis perspective in a program of study on externalizing behavior.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579412000508
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发表时间：
2012-08
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Gatzke-Kopp LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beauchaine TP;Gatzke-Kopp LM
在过去的四分之一个世纪中，发展精神病理学变得越来越包容，现在涵盖从精神病遗传学到初级预防的各个学科。因此，发展精神病理学家扩展了传统的素质-压力和交易模型，以包括所有相关分析层面的因果过程。这种研究体现在所谓的多层次分析视角。我们描述了多层次的分析研究如何影响我们当前对冲动特质和脆弱个体的反社会和边缘人格发展的思考。我们的方法通过评估跨生理系统（遗传、自主、激素、神经）、心理结构（社会、情感、动机）、发展时期（学前、儿童中期、青春期、成年）、性别（男性、女性）和调查方法（自我报告、知情人报告、治疗结果、 心血管、电生理学、神经影像学）。通过使用跨这些分析级别的任何和所有可用方法进行研究，我们得出了特质冲动的发展模型，我们相信该模型可以更好地理解这种高度遗传的特质，并至少捕获关键行为结果（包括犯罪和自杀）的一些异质性。
During the last quarter century, developmental psychopathology has become increasingly inclusive and now spans disciplines ranging from psychiatric genetics to primary prevention. As a result, developmental psychopathologists have extended traditional diathesis–stress and transactional models to include causal processes at and across all relevant levels of analysis. Such research is embodied in what is known as the multiple levels of analysis perspective. We describe how multiple levels of analysis research has informed our current thinking about antisocial and borderline personality development among trait impulsive and therefore vulnerable individuals. Our approach extends the multiple levels of analysis perspective beyond simple Biology × Environment interactions by evaluating impulsivity across physiological systems (genetic, autonomic, hormonal, neural), psychological constructs (social, affective, motivational), developmental epochs (preschool, middle childhood, adolescence, adulthood), sexes (male, female), and methods of inquiry (self-report, informant report, treatment outcome, cardiovascular, electrophysiological, neuroimaging). By conducting our research using any and all available methods across these levels of analysis, we have arrived at a developmental model of trait impulsivity that we believe confers a greater understanding of this highly heritable trait and captures at least some heterogeneity in key behavioral outcomes, including delinquency and suicide.