The global burden of occupational noise-induced hearing loss
The global burden of occupational noise-induced hearing loss
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DOI：
10.1002/ajim.20223
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Fingerhut, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nelson, DI;Nelson, RY;Fingerhut, M
背景：过度噪声是一种全球性的职业健康危害，具有相当大的社会和生理影响，包括噪声性听力损失（NIHL）。本文介绍了2000年世界范围内职业性NIHL的发病情况。方法利用美国国家职业安全与卫生研究所（NIOSH）的噪声暴露数据，根据职业类别和经济部门的劳动力分布数据以及世卫组织各分区域的经济活动率进行调整，估计职业性噪声暴露人群的比例。这些暴露人群的数值和NIHL的风险测量被用来估计职业性噪声暴露导致的成人发病听力损失的归因比例。将AFs应用于世卫组织对成人发病听力损失的总残疾调整生命年（DALYs）的估计，以估计职业性噪声引起的DALYs。结果在世界范围内，16%的成人致残性听力损失（超过400万DALYs）归因于职业性噪声，在各个分区域从7%到21%不等。在所有分区域，职业性噪声暴露对男性的影响都大于女性，在发展中区域影响更大。结论职业性噪声是成人发病性听力损失的重要原因。大多数NIHL负担可以通过使用工程控制来减少噪声源的产生而最小化。点。[j]中华医学杂志，2006,33(4):446-458。(c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc。
Background Excessive noise is a global occupational health hazard with considerable social and physiological impacts, including noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). This paper describes the worldwide morbidity of occupational NIHL in the year 2000.Methods The proportion of the population exposed to occupational noise was estimated using noise exposure data from the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), adjusted by data on the distribution of the workforce by occupational category and economic sector, and economic activity rates in each WHO subregion. These values for the exposed population and risk measures for NIHL were used to develop estimates o the attributable fraction (AF) of adult-onset hearing loss resulting from occupational noise exposure. The AFs were applied to WHO estimates of total disabilityadjusted life years (DALYs) from adult-onset hearing loss to estimate the DALYs due to occupational noise.Results Worldwide, 16% of the disabling hearing loss in adults (over 4 million DALYs) is attributed to occupational noise, ranging from 7% to 21 % in the various subregions. The effects of the exposure to occupational noise are larger for males than females in all subregions and higher in the developing regions.Conclusions Occupational noise is a significant cause of adult-onset hearing loss. The majority ofthis NIHL burden can be minimized by the use ofengineering controls to reduce the generation of noise at its source. Am. J. Ind. Med. 48:446-458, 2005. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.