Human land uses reduce climate connectivity across North America
Human land uses reduce climate connectivity across North America
复制标题
人类土地使用减少了北美的气候连通性
DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15009
复制
发表时间：
2020-02-29
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Allred, Brady W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Parks, Sean A.;Carroll, Carlos;Allred, Brady W.
气候连通性是景观促进或阻碍生物体移动以应对气候变化的能力，取决于多种因素，包括生物体随着时间的推移跟踪合适气候所需移动的距离（即气候速度）以及它们沿这些路线所经历的阻力。另一个较少受到关注的考虑因素是人类土地的使用增加了运动阻力或改变运动路线，从而影响气候连通性。在这里，我们通过比较两种气候连通性情景来评估人类土地利用对整个北美气候连通性的影响，一种单独考虑气候变化，另一种考虑气候变化和人类土地利用。在此过程中，我们引入了一种新的气候连通性指标，即“人类暴露度”，它量化了生物体在响应气候变化而改变其活动范围时可能遇到的人类活动的累积暴露度。我们还描绘了潜在的移动路线，并评估保护区网络是否比非保护区更好地支持移动走廊。我们发现，当纳入人类土地利用时，气候连通性下降；气候速度平均每年增加 0.3 公里，非洲大陆 83% 的地区的累积气候阻力增加。此外，类似于北美 96% 的移动路线必须在某种程度上应对人类土地的利用。在单独评估气候变化的情景中，我们发现保护区对气候走廊的支持率并不高于北美非保护区。然而，变异性是明显的，因为许多生态区包含的保护区与非保护区相比，表现出或多或少的气候走廊代表性。总体而言，我们的研究表明，之前对气候连通性的评估低估了气候变化的影响，因为它们没有考虑人类影响。
Climate connectivity, the ability of a landscape to promote or hinder the movement of organisms in response to a changing climate, is contingent on multiple factors including the distance organisms need to move to track suitable climate over time (i.e. climate velocity) and the resistance they experience along such routes. An additional consideration which has received less attention is that human land uses increase resistance to movement or alter movement routes and thus influence climate connectivity. Here we evaluate the influence of human land uses on climate connectivity across North America by comparing two climate connectivity scenarios, one considering climate change in isolation and the other considering climate change and human land uses. In doing so, we introduce a novel metric of climate connectivity, 'human exposure', that quantifies the cumulative exposure to human activities that organisms may encounter as they shift their ranges in response to climate change. We also delineate potential movement routes and evaluate whether the protected area network supports movement corridors better than non-protected lands. We found that when incorporating human land uses, climate connectivity decreased; climate velocity increased on average by 0.3 km/year and cumulative climatic resistance increased for similar to 83% of the continent. Moreover, similar to 96% of movement routes in North America must contend with human land uses to some degree. In the scenario that evaluated climate change in isolation, we found that protected areas do not support climate corridors at a higher rate than non-protected lands across North America. However, variability is evident, as many ecoregions contain protected areas that exhibit both more and less representation of climate corridors compared to non-protected lands. Overall, our study indicates that previous evaluations of climate connectivity underestimate climate change exposure because they do not account for human impacts.