Neoliberalism, Authoritarian Politics and Social Policy in China
Neoliberalism, Authoritarian Politics and Social Policy in China
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DOI：
10.1111/dech.12568
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发表时间：
2020-01-11
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Duckett, Jane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duckett, Jane
本文探讨了当代中国新自由主义、社会政策扩张和威权政治之间的关系。文章认为，在新自由主义时代，新右翼和威权政府崛起，中国共产党试图通过政治右倾和推行新自由主义经济政策来保住权力。这些政策提高了平均生活水平，但也增加了大多数中国人口的不安全感，而新的社会政策促进了市场化。社会政策扩张包括最低限度的现金转移以及为迄今为止被排除在外的人口群体提供社会养老和健康保险。这些政策已经开始消除长期存在的城乡隔离，但它们增加了新的、资金不足的社会项目，而不是扩大对现有项目的参与，重新隔离供给，使城市精英和正规部门工人比许多非正规工作人员和没有工作的人享受更慷慨的供给。因此，这些社会政策最显着的阴暗面包括复杂的收入不平等以及对最贫困人口的分割和污名化。威权控制使共产党能够避免会削弱其城市支持的再分配政策，因此中国的政治不同于新的反建制威权政权的右翼民粹主义。
This article explores the relationships among neoliberalism, social policy expansion and authoritarian politics in contemporary China. It argues that in the era of neoliberalism, rising new right and authoritarian governments, the Chinese Communist Party has sought to retain power by shifting politically to the right and promoting neoliberal-looking economic policies. These policies have raised average living standards but also increased insecurity for most of the Chinese population, while new social policies have facilitated marketization. Social policy expansion includes minimal cash transfers as well as social old-age and health insurance for hitherto excluded sections of the population. These policies have begun to erode long-standing urban-rural segregation, but they have added new, underfunded, social programmes rather than widening participation in existing ones, re-segregating provision so that urban elites and formal sector workers enjoy much more generous provisions than many people working informally and those without work. These social policies' most significant dark sides thus include compounded income inequalities and the segmentation and stigmatization of the poorest. Authoritarian controls have enabled the Communist Party to avoid redistributive policies that would undermine its urban support, so that politics in China differ from the right-wing populism of new, anti-establishment authoritarian regimes.