The importance of salt in the athlete's diet.
The importance of salt in the athlete's diet.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11932-007-0038-3
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Valentine, Verle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Valentine, Verle
盐由钠和氯组成，对正常的生理功能很重要。运动员的高出汗率会导致液体和钠的流失。用低渗溶液进行液体置换将导致不完全补液和可能的并发症，如低钠血症、运动能力下降、热痉挛或其他与热有关的疾病。在活动过程中，钠流失存在显著的个体差异。在某些情况下，损失可以通过正常的饮食摄入来替代，而在其他情况下，损失可能是巨大的，增加饮食摄入是必不可少的。增加钠摄入量的方法有很多种，例如增加食物中食盐的使用，咸零食，在运动饮料中加盐，以及使用盐片。强调补液也很重要，但必须注意避免过度水合。简单的措施，如记录每日运动前和运动后的体重，可以帮助做出液体和钠摄入的决定;在某些情况下，综合评估是必要的。
Salt consists of sodium and chloride, and is important for normal physiologic function. High sweat rates in athletes result in loss of both fluids and sodium. Fluid replacement with hypotonic solutions will lead to incomplete rehydration and possible complications such as hyponatremia, decreased performance, heat cramps, or other heat-related illness. There is significant individual variation in sodium loss during activity. In some the losses can be replaced by normal dietary intake, whereas in others the losses can be dramatic and increased dietary intake is essential. There are various methods to increase sodium intake, such as increased use of table salt on foods, salty snacks, adding salt to sports drinks, and use of salt tablets. Emphasis on replacement of fluids is also important, but care must be taken to avoid overhydration. Simple measures such as recording daily pre- and postexercise body weight can aid in making fluid and sodium ingestion decisions; in some cases, a comprehensive evaluation is necessary.