BREED DIFFERENCES AND GENETIC-PARAMETERS FOR BODY-COMPOSITION TRAITS IN BEEF-CATTLE
BREED DIFFERENCES AND GENETIC-PARAMETERS FOR BODY-COMPOSITION TRAITS IN BEEF-CATTLE
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DOI：
10.2527/1994.72102745x
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发表时间：
1994-10-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
MARSHALL, DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MARSHALL, DM
回顾了最近的科学文献，总结了肉牛屠体性状的品种差异和遗传参数。遗传力估计一般是中等至大，这表明一个给定的个体胴体特征的准确遗传选择的良好潜力。然而，某些性状组合的多性状选择的有效性可能会因性状之间的遗传拮抗作用而减慢，这表明应使用具有互补的公畜和母畜遗传类型的终端育种系统。个体和母体的杂种优势估计年龄常数分析是数值上积极的胴体性状，虽然估计体重常数分析一般不显着。杂交育种对改善胴体组成的潜在贡献主要来自遗传互补性而不是杂种优势。品种之间存在相当大的差异，身体组成，品种排名不同的性状。研究一致表明，与普通牛品种相比，印度牛的肉嫩度降低。大理石花纹与嫩度的品种排名有一些差异。如果美国牛肉产业转向更基于价值的营销体系，一些遗传问题将包括1）大理石花纹和可切割性之间的明显对立关系，在品种和某些品种内，2）牛肉嫩度的不一致性，特别是在牛，3）瘦肉增加对雌性繁殖性能的影响，以及4）终端育种系统可以使用的程度。
The recent scientific literature was reviewed to summarize breed differences and genetic parameters for carcass traits in beef cattle. Heritability estimates were generally moderate to large, suggesting good potential for accurate genetic selection for a given individual carcass characteristic. However, effectiveness of multiple-trait selection for some trait combinations could be slowed by genetic antagonisms between traits, suggesting the use of terminal breeding systems with complementary sire and dam genetic types. Individual and maternal heterosis estimates from age-constant analyses were numerically positive for most carcass traits, although estimates from weight-constant analyses were generally nonsignificant. Potential contributions to improved carcass composition from crossbreeding would primarily result from genetic complementarity rather than heterosis. Considerable variation exists between breeds for body composition, and breed rankings vary across different traits. Studies have consistently indicated reduced meat tenderness for Bos indicus compared with Bos taurus breeds. Some differences in breed rankings for marbling vs tenderness were noted. If the U.S. beef industry shifts toward a more value-based marketing system, some genetic concerns will include 1) an apparent antagonistic relationship between marbling and cutability across breeds and within some breeds, 2) inconsistency of beef tenderness, particularly in Bos indicus cattle, 3) the effect of increased leanness on female reproductive performance, and 4) the extent to which terminal breeding systems can be used.