Bioremediation at a global scale: from the test tube to planet Earth.
Bioremediation at a global scale: from the test tube to planet Earth.
复制标题
在全球范围内进行生物修复：从试管到地球。
DOI：
10.1111/1751-7915.12399
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发表时间：
2016-09
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Solé R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Lorenzo V;Marlière P;Solé R
地球生物圈作为一个平衡的生物地质系统已经进化了数十亿年，最终由太阳能和大规模的元素循环维持，主要由全球环境微生物组运行。人类在其存在的大部分时间里都是这幅图景的一部分。但始于19世纪的工业革命以及随后在医学、化学、农业和通信方面的进步对这种平衡产生了前所未有的影响--而这个问题在过去20年里只会加剧。人口过剩、工业增长沿着对自然资源的不可持续利用，已使许多地点，或许还有整个地球生态系统，无法通过自然方式自然恢复，即使直接原因可以被制止。这种状况最明显的迹象包括土地使用的巨大变化，温室气体水平的加速增加，与气候变化相关的频繁自然灾害以及我们释放到环境中的不可回收废物（例如塑料和不可回收的化学品）的增加。虽然整个地球在全球范围内受到化学污染和人为排放的影响，但系统和合成生物学，宏基因组学，现代化学和生态理论的一些关键概念的持续发展使我们能够应对这一惊人的挑战，并提出旨在扭转甚至改善情况的大规模干预措施。这涉及（i）识别需要重新建立的关键反应或过程（或完全创建）生态系统重新安装，（ii）在自然或设计师宿主中实施这些反应，能够自我复制并以合理的生态模型指导的方式在需要时/时提供相应的活动，（iii）在全球范围内分散创造生态位的代理人，以及（iv）遏制，对整个过程进行风险评估和监督。
Planet Earth's biosphere has evolved over billions of years as a balanced bio‐geological system ultimately sustained by sunpower and the large‐scale cycling of elements largely run by the global environmental microbiome. Humans have been part of this picture for much of their existence. But the industrial revolution started in the XIX century and the subsequent advances in medicine, chemistry, agriculture and communications have impacted such balances to an unprecedented degree – and the problem has nothing but exacerbated in the last 20 years. Human overpopulation, industrial growth along with unsustainable use of natural resources have driven many sites and perhaps the planetary ecosystem as a whole, beyond recovery by spontaneous natural means, even if the immediate causes could be stopped. The most conspicuous indications of such a state of affairs include the massive change in land use, the accelerated increase in the levels of greenhouse gases, the frequent natural disasters associated to climate change and the growing non‐recyclable waste (e.g. plastics and recalcitrant chemicals) that we release to the Environment. While the whole planet is afflicted at a global scale by chemical pollution and anthropogenic emissions, the ongoing development of systems and synthetic biology, metagenomics, modern chemistry and some key concepts from ecological theory allow us to tackle this phenomenal challenge and propose large‐scale interventions aimed at reversing and even improving the situation. This involves (i) identification of key reactions or processes that need to be re‐established (or altogether created) for ecosystem reinstallation, (ii) implementation of such reactions in natural or designer hosts able to self‐replicate and deliver the corresponding activities when/where needed in a fashion guided by sound ecological modelling, (iii) dispersal of niche‐creating agents at a global scale and (iv) containment, monitoring and risk assessment of the whole process.