Training experience in gestures affects the display of social gaze in baboons' communication with a human
Training experience in gestures affects the display of social gaze in baboons' communication with a human
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DOI：
10.1007/s10071-014-0793-5
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Gaunet, Florence
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bourjade, Marie;Canteloup, Charlotte;Gaunet, Florence
凝视行为，特别是伴随灵长类动物手势交流的远端物体和社会伙伴之间的凝视交替，被认为是意向性的标准指标。然而，灵长类动物交流中凝视行为的发展前兆尚不清楚。在这里，我们利用对橄榄狒狒（Papio anubis）进行的手势训练作为操纵个体与人类交流经验的一种方式。我们的目的是描述这种训练经历对猴子在手势请求方面表现出的凝视行为的影响。使用请求食物范例，我们将接受过请求手势训练的受试者（即受过训练的受试者）与天真的受试者（即控制受试者）进行比较，以了解（1）凝视行为，（2）请求手势和（3）凝视交替与手势的时间组合的发生情况。我们发现训练不会影响看人脸、看食物或交替凝视的频率。因此，社交凝视行为的发生独立于与人类的交流经验的数量。然而，训练有素的狒狒（比对照对象做更多的手势）表现出最多的目光交替和手势，而对照狒狒则没有。通过加强目光交替和手势的展示，我们认为训练可能有助于增强手势的交流功能。最后，这项研究首次定量报告了猴子在没有人类（对照）明确训练的情况下发出请求手势的情况。这些结果可能为灵长类动物的手势有意交流的发育机制（即偶然学习与训练）打开一扇窗。
Gaze behaviour, notably the alternation of gaze between distal objects and social partners that accompanies primates' gestural communication is considered a standard indicator of intentionality. However, the developmental precursors of gaze behaviour in primates' communication are not well understood. Here, we capitalized on the training in gestures dispensed to olive baboons (Papio anubis) as a way of manipulating individual communicative experience with humans. We aimed to delineate the effects of such a training experience on gaze behaviour displayed by the monkeys in relation with gestural requests. Using a food-requesting paradigm, we compared subjects trained in requesting gestures (i.e. trained subjects) to na < ve subjects (i.e. control subjects) for their occurrences of (1) gaze behaviour, (2) requesting gestures and (3) temporal combination of gaze alternation with gestures. We found that training did not affect the frequencies of looking at the human's face, looking at food or alternating gaze. Hence, social gaze behaviour occurs independently from the amount of communicative experience with humans. However, trained baboons-gesturing more than control subjects-exhibited most gaze alternation combined with gestures, whereas control baboons did not. By reinforcing the display of gaze alternation along with gestures, we suggest that training may have served to enhance the communicative function of hand gestures. Finally, this study brings the first quantitative report of monkeys producing requesting gestures without explicit training by humans (controls). These results may open a window on the developmental mechanisms (i.e. incidental learning vs. training) underpinning gestural intentional communication in primates.