Mechanisms Underlying Sex Differences in Cannabis Use.
Mechanisms Underlying Sex Differences in Cannabis Use.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40429-017-0174-7
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Cosgrove, Kelly P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calakos, Katina C;Bhatt, Shivani;Cosgrove, Kelly P
审查目的：大麻是全世界最常用的非法物质。近几十年来，高度浓缩的产品充斥市场，流行率上升。在大麻使用方面存在性别差异，因为男性在大麻使用和大麻使用障碍方面的发病率较高，而女性从首次使用到大麻使用障碍的进展速度更快。本文回顾了临床前和人类研究的结果，研究性别特异性的神经生物学基础的大麻的使用和CUD，并与精神病symptoms.Recent发现：性别差异存在于内源性大麻素系统，大麻暴露对大脑结构和功能的影响，并在共同发生的大麻使用与焦虑，抑郁和精神分裂症的症状。在女性大麻使用者中，焦虑症状与较大的杏仁核体积相关，社交焦虑障碍症状与CUD症状相关。据报道，女性大麻使用者特别容易早期发作的精神分裂症，并出现混合趋势的抑郁症状与大麻暴露在女性和男性的相关性。概要：由于大麻使用的流行率可能会继续增加，鉴于大麻法律的政策环境的变化，了解女性和男性大麻暴露的神经生物学机制是关键。检查这些机制可能有助于为未来针对高危大麻使用、共病精神疾病和CUD的女性和男性的性别特异性药理和行为干预研究提供信息。
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance worldwide. In recent decades, highly concentrated products have flooded the market, and prevalence rates have increased. Gender differences exist in cannabis use, as men have higher prevalence of both cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD), while women progress more rapidly from first use to CUD. This paper reviews findings from preclinical and human studies examining the sex-specific neurobiological underpinnings of cannabis use and CUD, and associations with psychiatric symptoms.RECENT FINDINGS: Sex differences exist in the endocannabinoid system, in cannabis exposure effects on brain structure and function, and in the co-occurrence of cannabis use with symptoms of anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. In female cannabis users, anxiety symptoms correlate with larger amygdala volume and social anxiety disorder symptoms correlate with CUD symptoms. Female cannabis users are reported to be especially vulnerable to earlier onset of schizophrenia, and mixed trends emerge in the correlation of depressive symptoms with cannabis exposure in females and males.SUMMARY: As prevalence of cannabis use may continue to increase given the shifting policy landscape regarding marijuana laws, understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of cannabis exposure in females and males is key. Examining these mechanisms may help inform future research on sex-specific pharmacological and behavioral interventions for women and men with high-risk cannabis use, comorbid psychiatric disease, and CUD.