The mind-body problem: Circuits that link the cerebral cortex to the adrenal medulla
The mind-body problem: Circuits that link the cerebral cortex to the adrenal medulla
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1902297116
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发表时间：
2019-12-26
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Strick, Peter L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dum, Richard P.;Levinthal, David J.;Strick, Peter L.
大脑皮层的哪些区域是影响内脏的下行指令的起源？我们在猴子和大鼠身上使用狂犬病病毒的跨神经元传输来识别大脑皮质中与主要交感神经效应器--肾上腺髓质有多组突触联系的区域。在大鼠中，我们也检查了与肾脏的多突触联系。在猴子中，皮质对肾上腺髓质的影响来自三个不同的网络，这三个网络涉及运动、认知和情感。这些网络中的每一个都有一个相当于人类的网络。最大的影响来自一个运动网络，它包括额叶的所有7个运动区。这些运动区涉及骨骼运动控制的方方面面，从反应选择到运动准备和动作执行。运动区提供了身体运动和压力调节之间的联系。认知和情感网络位于扣带回皮质区域。它们提供了我们的想法和感觉与肾上腺髓质功能之间的联系。这3个网络共同参与了应激和抑郁对器官功能的影响，并为某些心身疾病提供了具体的神经基础。在大鼠中，皮质对肾上腺髓质和肾脏的影响主要来自两个运动区和邻近的躯体感觉皮质。猴子身上存在的认知和情感网络在老鼠身上基本上是不存在的。因此，非人灵长类动物的研究对于了解将认知和情感与内部器官功能联系起来的神经底物是必不可少的。
Which regions of the cerebral cortex are the origin of descending commands that influence internal organs? We used transneuronal transport of rabies virus in monkeys and rats to identify regions of cerebral cortex that have muhisynaptic connections with a major sympathetic effector, the adrenal medulla. In rats, we also examined multisynaptic connections with the kidney. In monkeys, the cortical influence over the adrenal medulla originates from 3 distinct networks that are involved in movement, cognition, and affect. Each of these networks has a human equivalent. The largest influence originates from a motor network that includes all 7 motor areas in the frontal lobe. These motor areas are involved in all aspects of skeletomotor control, from response selection to motor preparation and movement execution. The motor areas provide a link between body movement and the modulation of stress. The cognitive and affective networks are located in regions of cingulate cortex. They provide a link between how we think and feel and the function of the adrenal medulla. Together, the 3 networks can mediate the effects of stress and depression on organ function and provide a concrete neural substrate for some psychosomatic illnesses. In rats, cortical influences over the adrenal medulla and the kidney originate mainly from 2 motor areas and adjacent somatosensory cortex. The cognitive and affective networks, present in monkeys, are largely absent in rats. Thus, nonhuman primate research is essential to understand the neural substrate that links cognition and affect to the function of internal organs.