Social Networks and Policy Entrepreneurship: How Relationships Shape Municipal Decision Making about High‐Volume Hydraulic Fracturing
Social Networks and Policy Entrepreneurship: How Relationships Shape Municipal Decision Making about High‐Volume Hydraulic Fracturing
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DOI：
10.1111/psj.12175
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发表时间：
2017-08
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Gwen Arnold;L. Long;Madeline Gottlieb
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gwen Arnold;L. Long;Madeline Gottlieb
资源丰富、人脉深厚的个人，或称“政策企业家”，往往在倡导和确保政策通过方面发挥重要作用。对于社交网络如何塑造这些参与者实现目标的能力，包括网络关系可能如何引导政策冲突，人们显然缺乏调查。为了解决这些差距，我们分析了原始调查和原始政策数据库中的数据，以评估活跃在一个极具争议的领域的政策企业家(PE)的成功：纽约关于大容量水力压裂(HVHF)的市政政策制定。我们使用文本挖掘从地方报纸档案中收集社会网络数据，然后使用这些数据构建市政高压政策网络。当市政反超高频PE在内聚力较差的网络中运行时，它们似乎更成功，充当治理网络相对新来者的桥梁，并拥有更多的网络连接。当支持超高频的PE能够与关键决策者建立高价值的联系时，他们似乎更成功。在这个问题上，双方的政策企业家在拥有更多富有同情心的联盟伙伴时，都会更成功。
Well-resourced and well-connected individuals, or “policy entrepreneurs,” often play an important role in advocating and securing the adoption of policies. There is a striking lack of inquiry into the ways that social networks shape the ability of these actors to achieve their aims, including the ways in which network ties may channel policy conflict. To address these gaps, we analyze data from an original survey and an original database of policies to assess the success of policy entrepreneurs (PEs) active in a highly contentious arena: municipal policymaking concerning high-volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) in New York. We use text-mining to collect social network data from local newspaper archives, then use those data to construct municipal HVHF policy networks. Municipal anti-HVHF PEs appear more successful when they operate in less cohesive networks, act as bridges to relative newcomers to the governance network, and have a larger number of network connections. Pro-HVHF PEs appear more successful when they can forge high-value connections to key decision makers. Policy entrepreneurs on both sides of the issue are more successful when they have a greater number of sympathetic coalition partners.