Electronic cigarettes and vaping: a new challenge in clinical medicine and public health. A literature review.
Electronic cigarettes and vaping: a new challenge in clinical medicine and public health. A literature review.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpubh.2013.00056
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发表时间：
2013-11-18
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Palazzolo, Dominic L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Palazzolo, Dominic L
在美国和全球范围内，电子烟（e-香烟）的使用（或电子烟）正在增加。它们的使用在科学、政治、金融、心理学和社会学意识形态方面都存在很大争议。鉴于电子烟和电子烟的争议性，医疗保健提供者应如何向患者提供建议？为了有效应对这一新挑战，医疗保健专业人员需要更加熟悉有关电子烟和电子烟的现有文献，尤其是科学文献。因此，本文的目的是对有关电子烟和电子烟的基于科学证据的原始文献进行综述。使用 pubmed 数据库检索自 2008 年以来的最新文献，并使用“电子烟”或“电子烟”作为关键词，总共得到了 66 篇高度相关的文章。这些文章主要涉及（1）基于消费者的关于电子烟个人看法的调查，（2）电子烟烟弹、溶液和雾气的化学分析，（3）尼古丁含量、输送和药代动力学，以及（4）调查急性电子烟影响的临床和生理研究。与吸烟的影响相比，现有的文献很少表明，电子烟可能是吸烟的一种“减少危害”的替代品，也是一种可能的戒烟手段，至少与美国食品和药物管理局批准的其他尼古丁替代疗法具有相同的程度。然而，目前尚不清楚吸电子烟是否会减少或增加尼古丁成瘾。显然，需要对电子烟的急性和长期健康影响进行更严格的调查，以确定这些设备的安全性和有效性；特别是比较电子烟与吸烟对心肺影响的平行实验。只有这样，医学界才能充分应对电子烟和电子烟给临床医学和公共卫生带来的新挑战。
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, or vaping, in the United States and worldwide is increasing. Their use is highly controversial from scientific, political, financial, psychological, and sociological ideologies. Given the controversial nature of e-cigarettes and vaping, how should medical care providers advise their patients? To effectively face this new challenge, health care professionals need to become more familiar with the existing literature concerning e-cigarettes and vaping, especially the scientific literature. Thus, the aim of this article is to present a review of the scientific evidence-based primary literature concerning electronic cigarettes and vaping. A search of the most current literature using the pubmed database dating back to 2008, and using electronic cigarette(s) or e-cigarette(s) as key words, yielded a total of 66 highly relevant articles. These articles primarily deal with (1) consumer-based surveys regarding personal views on vaping, (2) chemical analysis of e-cigarette cartridges, solutions, and mist, (3) nicotine content, delivery, and pharmacokinetics, and (4) clinical and physiological studies investigating the effects of acute vaping. When compared to the effects of smoking, the scant available literature suggests that vaping could be a "harm reduction" alternative to smoking and a possible means for smoking cessation, at least to the same degree as other Food and Drug Administration-approved nicotine replacement therapies. However, it is unclear if vaping e-cigarettes will reduce or increase nicotine addiction. It is obvious that more rigorous investigations of the acute and long-term health effects of vaping are required to establish the safety and efficacy of these devices; especially parallel experiments comparing the cardiopulmonary effects of vaping to smoking. Only then will the medical community be able to adequately meet the new challenge e-cigarettes and vaping present to clinical medicine and public health.