Is developmental timing of trauma exposure associated with depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adulthood?
Is developmental timing of trauma exposure associated with depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adulthood?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.09.004
复制
发表时间：
2017-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Bradley B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dunn EC;Nishimi K;Powers A;Bradley B
背景创伤暴露是精神病理学的一个已知危险因素。然而，暴露的发育时间的影响仍不清楚。本研究探讨了首次创伤暴露年龄对成人抑郁和创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 症状水平的影响。方法通过对参与佐治亚州亚特兰大公立城市医院一项研究的成年人进行访谈，收集了终生创伤暴露（包括首次暴露年龄和频率）、当前精神症状和社会人口统计信息。多元线性回归模型评估了 2892 名个体首次遭受创伤的时间与成人心理病理学之间的关联，这些创伤分为幼儿期（0-5 岁）、中期（6-10 岁）、青春期（11-18 岁）和成年期（19 岁以上）。结果任何年龄段遭受创伤（即虐待儿童、其他人际暴力、非人际暴力和其他事件）的参与者的抑郁程度较高和 PTSD 症状与未暴露的同龄人相比。然而，在幼儿期首次遭受虐待的参与者出现的抑郁和创伤后应激障碍症状大约是发育后期遭受虐待的参与者的两倍。即使在控制了社会人口特征、接触其他创伤类型和接触频率后，这种关联仍然被发现。在童年中期首次接触其他人际暴力的参与者的抑郁症状得分也大约是成年时期首次接触其他人际暴力的参与者的两倍。结论不同年龄的创伤暴露可能对成年后的抑郁和创伤后应激障碍症状产生不同的影响。有必要对创伤暴露时间进行更详细的检查，以帮助识别发育中的敏感时期。
BackgroundTrauma exposure is a known risk factor for psychopathology. However, the impact of the developmental timing of exposure remains unclear. This study examined the effect of age at first trauma exposure on levels of adult depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.MethodsLifetime trauma exposure (including age at first exposure and frequency), current psychiatric symptoms, and sociodemographic information were collected during interviews with adults participating in a study at a public urban hospital in Atlanta, GA. Multiple linear regression models assessed the association between timing of first trauma exposure, classified as early childhood (ages 0–5), middle childhood (ages 6–10), adolescence (ages 11–18), and adulthood (ages 19+), on adult psychopathology in 2892 individuals.ResultsParticipants exposed to trauma (i.e., child maltreatment, other interpersonal violence, non-interpersonal violence, and other events) at any age had higher depressive and PTSD symptoms compared to their unexposed peers. However, participants first exposed to child maltreatment during early childhood had depression and PTSD symptoms that were about twice as high as those exposed during later developmental stages. This association was detected even after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, exposure to other trauma types, and frequency of exposure. Participants first exposed during middle childhood to other interpersonal violence also had depressive symptoms scores that were about twice as high as those first exposed during adulthood.ConclusionsTrauma exposure at different ages may differentially impact depressive and PTSD symptoms in adulthood. More detailed examination of timing of trauma exposure is warranted to aid in identifying sensitive periods in development.