Quantifying snow drift on Arctic structures: A case study at Summit, Greenland, using UAV-based structure-from-motion photogrammetry

Quantifying snow drift on Arctic structures: A case study at Summit, Greenland, using UAV-based structure-from-motion photogrammetry
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量化北极结构上的积雪:格陵兰峰会的案例研究,使用基于无人机的结构运动摄影测量

DOI:
10.1016/j.coldregions.2018.10.007
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Millstein, Joanna D.
Millstein, Joanna D.
中科院分区:
工程技术3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hawley, Robert L.;Millstein, Joanna D.

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为极地站设计一座建筑涉及无数的成本效益权衡。规划者的一个关键决定是是否将建筑物抬高或放置在雪面上。对于希望最大限度地减少漂移影响的规划者来说,高架结构通常更可取,但要权衡增加的建筑成本。基于地面的结构建造成本较低,但比高架结构更快地积累漂移,从而增加了除雪的经常性费用。为了估计这一增加的成本,我们量化了格陵兰岛萨米特几个建筑物上的积雪量,使用小型无人机的结构运动摄影测量。我们发现,虽然高架“大屋”积累了可忽略不计的漂移,表面为基础的“温室”积累了4862 ±444 m3的雪。然后,我们使用除雪设备效率的估计值以及设备运行成本来确定除雪的时间和成本(温室为69 ± 6 h)。最后,我们分析了10年的风从首脑会议记录,并估计在任何给定的一年中的结构上漂流的雪的总量。我们估计,Summit的温室每年平均累积11,702 m3的雪,而清除这些雪的平均成本为每年41,000美元。表面结构的除雪费用应计入建筑物的总寿命成本,使高架结构比最初看起来更具成本竞争力。
Designing a building for polar stations involves countless cost-benefit trade-offs. One critical decision for planners is whether to elevate structures or place them on the snow surface. For planners wishing to minimize the impact of drifting, elevated structures are generally more desirable, with the tradeoff of added construction cost. Surface-based structures are less expensive to construct, but accumulate drift more rapidly than their elevated counterparts, thus incurring an added recurring expense of snow removal. To estimate this added cost, we quantified the volume of snow drifted on several structures at Summit, Greenland, using structure-from-motion photogrammetry from a small UAV. We find that while the elevated “Bighouse” accumulated negligible drift, the surface-based “Greenhouse” accumulated 4862 ±444 m3of snow. We then use estimates of equipment efficiency at snow removal coupled with equipment operating cost to determine the time and cost of snow removal (69 ± 6 h for the Greenhouse). Finally, we analyze a 10-year record of winds from Summit, and estimate the total amount of snow drifted on the structures in any given year. We estimate that the Greenhouse at Summit accumulates an average of 11,702 m3of snow per year, and that clearing that snow costs an average of $41,000 per year. The expense of snow removal for surface-based structures should be factored into the total lifetime cost of the building, making elevated structures much more cost-competitive than they may initially appear.
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