Then and now: some comments on the design and analysis of slopes and embankments
Then and now: some comments on the design and analysis of slopes and embankments
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过去和现在：对边坡和路堤设计与分析的一些评论
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Kovacevic
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Jardine;D. Potts;K. Higgins;P. Vaughan;N. Kovacevic
在自然界和人工世界中存在着大量的土质边坡，其性状预测是岩土工程的重要组成部分。必须考虑三大类型：开挖边坡或路堑、填方边坡或填土边坡和天然边坡。填土和地基都影响稳定性。天然斜坡会受到工程影响，例如蓄水、挖掘或填土。此外，它们可能已经失效，必须考虑重新激活现有卡瓦。设计或分析斜坡时主要关注的是其稳定性，尽管在某些情况下评估可能的运动也很重要。本文首先回顾了用于设计早期水坝和堤坝的经验方法。然后，它回顾了早期尝试将分析纳入设计过程，特别是讨论了与使用极限平衡法进行稳定性分析相关的一些缺点。最近使用的先进的数值分析，然后讨论和使用的例子中描述的两个大坝的设计。还考虑了渐进失效的作用，并通过回顾几个真实的例子来量化其对稳定性的潜在影响。它表明，渐进的破坏可以解释深，浅座延迟故障发生在过去的铁路切割，现在发生在高速公路切割和装饰。最后，提供了一些评论，以分析在设计过程中的未来作用。有关覆盖摘要，请参见ITRD E128041。
There are many soil slopes in the natural and the man-made world and the prediction of their behaviour is an important part of geotechnical engineering. Three broad types must be considered; excavated slopes or cuttings, fill slopes or embankments and natural slopes. In embankments both the fill and the foundation affect stability. Natural slopes are affected by engineering works such as impounded water, excavation or filling. In addition they may have failed already and re-activation of existing slips must be considered. The main concern when designing or analysing slopes is their stability, although in certain situations assessing likely movements is also important. This paper begins by reviewing the empirical approaches used to design early dams and embankments. It then reviews early attempts to incorporate analysis into the design process and, in particular, discusses some of the shortcomings associated with the use of limit equilibrium methods for stability analysis. The recent use of advanced numerical analysis is then discussed and examples of its use in the design of two dams described. Consideration is also given to the role of progressive failure, and its potential effect on stability is quantified by reviewing several real examples. It is shown that progressive failure can explain both deep and shallow seated delayed failures that occurred in the past in railway cuttings and which are now occurring in motorway cuttings and embankments. Finally, some remarks as to the future role of analysis in the design process are provided. For the covering abstract see ITRD E128041.