Nitrogen condensation in Titan’s atmosphere under contemporary atmospheric composition

Nitrogen condensation in Titan’s atmosphere under contemporary atmospheric composition
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现代大气成分下泰坦大气中的氮凝结

DOI:
10.1016/j.icarus.2017.02.005
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Tokano
Tokano
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tokano

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由卡西尼号掩星观测得到的土卫六大气温度剖面在某些地方接近氮凝结温度曲线。这就提出了一个问题,即氮,土卫六的主要大气成分,是否可能在某些季节和地区凝结,而这与以前的看法相反。为了解决这个问题,可能的地区和季节的氮凝结的全球气候模式搜索。该模型是在目前的大气压力和组成下运行的,但在各种轨道配置下,包括目前的一个。在目前的轨道配置下,两极温度在远日点后一个季节的北方秋分前后达到最低。液态氮云可能会在这个季节出现在30到40公里的高度,至少在南极附近,可能嵌入在冰冷的甲烷云中。任何降落的氮雨都可能在到达地表之前完全蒸发,因此不会影响地表压力的季节性循环。当土星的轨道偏心率较大,远日点的日心距离也较大时,季节性的氮凝结会更加频繁和强烈。然而,轨道参数的变化本身并不能使表面充满液氮或引起表面压力的大波动。
Temperature profiles of Titan’s atmosphere obtained by Cassini radio occultations approach the nitrogen condensation temperature curve at some places. This raises the question as to whether nitrogen, Titan’s main atmospheric constituent, might condense in some seasons and areas contrary to previous perception. To address this question, possible areas and seasons of nitrogen condensation are searched for by a global climate model. The model is run under the present atmospheric pressure and composition but under various orbital configurations including the present one. Under the present orbital configuration the polar temperature at either pole becomes lowest around the northern autumnal equinox one season after aphelion. Liquid nitrogen clouds may appear in this season between 30 and 40  km altitude at least near the south pole, presumably embedded in icy methane clouds. Any falling nitrogen rain is likely to entirely evaporate before reaching the surface and thus does not affect the seasonal cycle of surface pressure. Seasonal nitrogen condensation is more frequent and intense when Saturn’s orbital eccentricity is larger and hence the heliocentric distance at aphelion is larger. Nevertheless, orbital parameter variations alone are not capable of flooding the surface with liquid nitrogen or causing large fluctuations of the surface pressure.
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