Measurements of UV-A Exposure of Commercial Pilots Using Genesis-UV Dosimeters
Measurements of UV-A Exposure of Commercial Pilots Using Genesis-UV Dosimeters
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DOI：
10.3390/atmos11050475
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发表时间：
2020-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Khazova, Marina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baczynska, Katarzyna A.;Brown, Simon;Khazova, Marina
许多研究表明，飞行员患黑色素瘤和角质细胞皮肤癌的风险是一般人群的两倍，而且他们患黑色素瘤的死亡率也较高。没有发现飞行中暴露于电离辐射或由于飞行员轮班工作造成的昼夜节律紊乱之间的决定性联系。由于飞行员在巡航高度可能暴露于比地面水平更高的紫外线辐射水平，因此可能涉及紫外线辐射过度暴露。在飞行中进行光谱测量的直接方法已经在有限的飞行中进行，但这种技术具有挑战性；使用小型可穿戴传感器可能更合适，但在驾驶舱测量中使用它们还需要解决一些问题。虽然传感器对红斑有效值的光谱响应通常与相应的加权函数密切匹配，但UV-A传感器的响应可能不是光谱平坦的，如果不进行校正以考虑飞机挡风玻璃的透射，可能会导致很大的误差。本文将光谱校正方法应用于Genesis-UV单元的UV-A传感器，测量了2016年9月至2017年8月从英国四个机场飞往一系列目的地的312个航班上商业飞行员的UVR暴露。
A number of studies suggest that pilots are at twice the risk of melanoma and keratinocyte skin cancers than the general population, and that they have a raised mortality from melanoma. No conclusive links with in-flight exposure to ionising radiationor circadian rhythm disruption due to the pilots' shift work were found. Possible over-exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may be implicated as pilots may be exposed to higher UV-A levels at cruise altitude compared with those at ground levels. The direct method of making in-flight spectral measurements has been carried out on a limited number of flights, but this technique is challenging; the use of small wearable sensors may be more appropriate but there are a few issues that should be addressed for their use in cockpit measurements. While the spectral response of sensors for erythema effective values usually closely matches the corresponding weighting function, the response of UV-A sensors may not be spectrally flat, which, if not corrected to account for the transmission of the aircraft windshield, could potentially result in large errors. In this paper, the spectral correction method was applied to the UV-A sensor of the Genesis-UV unit to measure UVR exposure of commercial pilots on 312 flights to a range of destinations from four UK airports from September 2016 to August 2017.