Strategies to protect biological diversity and the evolutionary processes that sustain it
Strategies to protect biological diversity and the evolutionary processes that sustain it
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DOI：
10.1080/10635150252899752
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发表时间：
2002-03-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Moritz, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moritz, C
保护规划往往更注重模式（代表性）而不是过程（持久性），对于前者，强调物种和生态系统或群落多样性而不是遗传多样性。在这里，我考虑如何最好地将进化过程和遗传多样性分布的知识纳入物种内种群和区域内生物地理区域的保护规划和优先级设定中。将遗传多样性分为两个维度，一个与适应性变异有关，另一个与隔离引起的中性分歧有关，突出了不同的进化过程，并提出了替代的保护策略。物种和区域的规划应强调保护历史上孤立的谱系（进化上重要的单位），因为这些谱系无法恢复。相比之下，最好的保护适应性特征的方法是维持选择环境、异质景观和可生存的种群，而不是保护特定的表型。一个有用的策略可能是（1）确定对代表物种和（替代）遗传多样性很重要的区域，以及（2）在这些区域内最大限度地保护连续的环境梯度，选择和迁移可以在该梯度上相互作用，以维持种群生存力和（适应性）遗传多样性。这些概念通过对澳大利亚东北部雨林动物群的分析的最新结果得到了说明。
Conservation planning has tended to focus more on pattern (representation) than process (persistence) and, for the former, has emphasized species and ecosystem or community diversity over genetic diversity. Here I consider how best to incorporate knowledge of evolutionary processes and the distribution of genetic diversity into conservation planning and priority setting for populations within species and for biogeographic areas within regions. Separation of genetic diversity into two dimensions, one concerned with adaptive variation and the other with neutral divergence caused by isolation, highlights different evolutionary processes and suggests alternative strategies for conservation. Planning for both species and areas should emphasize protection of historically isolated lineages (Evolutionarily Significant Units) because these cannot be recovered. By contrast, adaptive features may best be protected by maintaining the context for selection, heterogeneous landscapes, and viable populations, rather than protecting specific phenotypes. A useful strategy may be to (1) identify areas that are important to represent species and (vicariant) genetic diversity and (2) maximize within these areas the protection of contiguous environmental gradients across which selection and migration can interact to maintain population viability and (adaptive) genetic diversity. These concepts are illustrated with recent results from analysis of a rainforest fauna from northeast Australia.