The ultraviolet colour component enhances the attractiveness of red flowers of a bee-pollinated plant
The ultraviolet colour component enhances the attractiveness of red flowers of a bee-pollinated plant
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紫外线颜色成分增强了蜜蜂授粉植物的红色花朵的吸引力
DOI：
10.1093/jpe/rtaa023
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Niu, Yang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chen, Zhe;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Niu, Yang
蜜蜂授粉的花朵很少是红色的，大概是因为蜜蜂（缺乏红色受体）很难检测到红色目标。尽管已经在实验室实验中研究了蜜蜂对红色的反应，但大多数刺激都是纯红色，而人类感知的红色（人类红色）的微妙多样性受到的关注非常有限。在这里，我们测试了这样一个假设：人类红色花朵反射的紫外线 (UV) 通过增加色彩对比度来增强它们对蜜蜂的吸引力。
我们利用 Onosma confertum（紫草科）（一种由熊蜂授粉、开有紫外线反射红色花朵的植物），通过在田间进行表型操纵实验，研究了紫外线反射对传粉昆虫反应的影响。还检查了不懂花的大黄蜂的颜色偏好。基于两种不同的颜色感知模型，根据彩色对比度和消色差对比度来估计大黄蜂的颜色感知。
我们发现，与吸收紫外线的目标相比，天然大黄蜂和未接触过花的大黄蜂都强烈喜欢访问反射紫外线的目标。颜色模型表明，紫外线反射花与叶子背景相比表现出更高的光谱纯度和更高的色彩对比度，而它们在绿色受体对比度方面具有相似的消色差对比度。这些结果表明，紫外线反射的成分增加了五彩果的色彩对比度，增强了这些红色花朵对大黄蜂的视觉吸引力。我们进一步推断，二次反射率可能是人类红色花朵的必要组成部分，这些花朵主要由没有红色受体的动物（例如蜜蜂）授粉。
Bee-pollinated flowers are rarely red, presumably because bees (which lack red receptors) have difficulty detecting red targets. Although the response of bees to red colour has been investigated in lab experiments, most stimuli have been pure red, while the subtle diversity of red as perceived by humans (human-red) has received very limited attention. Here we test the hypothesis that ultraviolet (UV) reflected from human-red flowers enhances their attractiveness to bees, through increased chromatic contrast.
Using Onosma confertum (Boraginaceae), a plant with UV-reflecting red flowers that are pollinated by bumblebees, we investigated the effects of UV reflection on pollinator responses by conducting phenotypic manipulation experiments in the field. Colour preferences of flower-naïve bumblebees were also examined. Colour perception by bumblebees was estimated in terms of chromatic and achromatic contrast, based on two different colour perception models.
We found that both natural and flower-naïve bumblebees strongly preferred visiting UV-reflecting targets compared with UV-absorbing ones. Colour models show that the UV-reflecting flowers exhibit higher spectral purity and higher chromatic contrast against the foliage background, whereas they have similar achromatic contrast in terms of green receptor contrast. These results indicate that the component of UV reflection increases chromatic contrast in O. confertum, enhancing the visual attractiveness of these red flowers to bumblebees. We further infer that the secondary reflectance might be a necessary component in human-red flowers that are primarily pollinated by animals without red receptors, such as bees.