Relationship between the composition of flavonoids and flower colors variation in tropical water lily (Nymphaea) cultivars.
Relationship between the composition of flavonoids and flower colors variation in tropical water lily (Nymphaea) cultivars.
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热带睡莲品种黄酮类成分与花色变化的关系
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0034335
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wang L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhu M;Zheng X;Shu Q;Li H;Zhong P;Zhang H;Xu Y;Wang L;Wang L
睡莲属睡莲科，是印度佛教和婆罗门教的象征。尽管对睡莲花色变异和形成机制的研究有限，但睡莲具有蓝色花的背景，在自然界中显示出从紫色、红色、蓝色到黄色的非常广泛的花色多样性。采用高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测器（HPLC-DAD）和电喷雾质谱（ESI-MS）联用技术，从35个热带品种中鉴定出34种黄酮类化合物。其中，四种花青素：飞燕草素3-O-鼠李糖基-5-O-半乳糖苷（Dp 3Rh 5Ga），飞燕草素3-O-（2″-O-没食子酰基-6 ″-O-草酰基-鼠李糖苷）（Dp 3没食子酰-草酰Rh），飞燕草定3-O-（6″-O-乙酰基-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷）（Dp 3acetylG）和矢车菊素3- O-（2″-O-没食子酰基-吡喃半乳糖苷）-5-O-鼠李糖苷（Cy 3 galloylGa 5 Rh），一种查耳酮：查耳酮--（Chal 2 ′Ga）和十二种黄酮醇：杨梅素7-O-鼠李糖基-（1→2）-鼠李糖苷（My 7 RhRh），槲皮素7-O-半乳糖基-（1→2）-鼠李糖苷（Qu 7 GaRh），槲皮素7-O-半乳糖苷（Qu 7 Ga），山奈酚7-O-半乳糖基-（1→2）-鼠李糖苷（Km 7 GaRh）、杨梅素3-O-半乳糖苷（My 3Ga）、山奈酚7-O-没食子酰半乳糖基-（1→2）-鼠李糖苷（Km 7没食子酰基GaRh），杨梅素3-O-没食子酰基鼠李糖苷（My 3没食子酰基Rh），山奈酚3-O-半乳糖苷（Km 3Ga），异鼠李素7-O-半乳糖苷（Is 7 Ga），异鼠李素7-O-木糖苷（Is 7 Xy），首次从热带睡莲花瓣中鉴定出山奈酚3-O-（3″-乙酰鼠李糖苷）（Km 3 -3″ acetylrhamnoside，Km 3 -3″acetylRh）和槲皮素3-O-乙酰半乳糖苷（Qu 3 acetylGa）。同时采用多元分析方法探讨了色素与花色的关系。通过比较，检测到飞燕草素3-半乳糖苷（Dp 3Ga）的品种呈阿马兰斯色，检测到飞燕草素3′-半乳糖苷（Dp 3 ′Ga）的品种呈蓝色。而在红组中，飞燕草素和矢车菊素的衍生物较为复杂。在白色和黄色组中未检测到花青素。同时推测了热带睡莲黄酮类化合物可能的生物合成途径。这些研究将有助于阐明花色形成的进化机制，并为异交育种和保健品开发提供理论依据。
Water lily, the member of the Nymphaeaceae family, is the symbol of Buddhism and Brahmanism in India. Despite its limited researches on flower color variations and formation mechanism, water lily has background of blue flowers and displays an exceptionally wide diversity of flower colors from purple, red, blue to yellow, in nature. In this study, 34 flavonoids were identified among 35 tropical cultivars by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detection (DAD) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Among them, four anthocyanins: delphinidin 3-O-rhamnosyl-5-O-galactoside (Dp3Rh5Ga), delphinidin 3-O-(2″-O-galloyl-6″-O-oxalyl-rhamnoside) (Dp3galloyl-oxalylRh), delphinidin 3-O-(6″-O-acetyl-β-glucopyranoside) (Dp3acetylG) and cyanidin 3- O-(2″-O-galloyl-galactopyranoside)-5-O-rhamnoside (Cy3galloylGa5Rh), one chalcone: chalcononaringenin 2′-O-galactoside (Chal2′Ga) and twelve flavonols: myricetin 7-O-rhamnosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside (My7RhRh), quercetin 7-O-galactosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside (Qu7GaRh), quercetin 7-O-galactoside (Qu7Ga), kaempferol 7-O-galactosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside (Km7GaRh), myricetin 3-O-galactoside (My3Ga), kaempferol 7-O-galloylgalactosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside (Km7galloylGaRh), myricetin 3-O-galloylrhamnoside (My3galloylRh), kaempferol 3-O-galactoside (Km3Ga), isorhamnetin 7-O-galactoside (Is7Ga), isorhamnetin 7-O-xyloside (Is7Xy), kaempferol 3-O-(3″-acetylrhamnoside) (Km3-3″acetylRh) and quercetin 3-O-acetylgalactoside (Qu3acetylGa) were identified in the petals of tropic water lily for the first time. Meanwhile a multivariate analysis was used to explore the relationship between pigments and flower color. By comparing, the cultivars which were detected delphinidin 3-galactoside (Dp3Ga) presented amaranth, and detected delphinidin 3′-galactoside (Dp3′Ga) presented blue. However, the derivatives of delphinidin and cyanidin were more complicated in red group. No anthocyanins were detected within white and yellow group. At the same time a possible flavonoid biosynthesis pathway of tropical water lily was presumed putatively. These studies will help to elucidate the evolution mechanism on the formation of flower colors and provide theoretical basis for outcross breeding and developing health care products from this plant.
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