Nitrogen species in rainwater and aerosols of the Yellow and East China seas: Effects of the East Asian monsoon and anthropogenic emissions and relevance for the NW Pacific Ocean
Nitrogen species in rainwater and aerosols of the Yellow and East China seas: Effects of the East Asian monsoon and anthropogenic emissions and relevance for the NW Pacific Ocean
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DOI：
10.1029/2010gb003896
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发表时间：
2011-09
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Jing Zhang;Guosen Zhang;Yan-feng Bi;S. M. Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jing Zhang;Guosen Zhang;Yan-feng Bi;S. M. Liu
1997年至2005年，从沿海城市地区（青岛）和偏远岛屿（千里岩和嵊泗）以及黄海和东海的邮轮航线采集了雨水和气溶胶样品。对样品中的氮形态（NO3−、NO2−、NH4+和有机氮）和其他重要元素进行了分析。湿和干大气沉积的氮物质浓度显示出相当大的时间和空间变化。此外，随着从沿海城市站点到黄海和东海偏远地区距离的增加，人为排放对氮物种的影响急剧减少。东亚季风气候也对大气中的氮成分产生显着影响，由于东亚大陆的强烈排放，北风（即冬季）季风期的氮负荷高于南风（即夏季）季风期。春季的沙尘暴极大地减少了西北太平洋周期性高浓度的大气污染物（例如氮物种），但这伴随着时间沉积通量的两倍到四倍的增加，这显示出广泛的空间维度。最后，我们的研究确定了从东亚到北太平洋内陆的湿氮沉降通量和干氮沉降通量的强梯度。梯度反映了排放源和化学反应（例如形成二次气溶胶）、降雨和清除以及气团轨迹变化的变化。
Rainwater and aerosol samples were collected from a coastal urban area (Qingdao) and remote islands (Qianliyan and Shengsi) and along cruise tracks in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea from 1997 to 2005. The samples were analyzed for nitrogen species (NO3−, NO2−, NH4+, and organic nitrogen) and other important elements. The nitrogen species concentrations showed considerable temporal and spatial variations for wet as well as dry atmospheric depositions. In addition, there was a dramatic reduction in the influence of anthropogenic emissions on nitrogen species with increasing distance from coastal urban stations to remote areas across the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The monsoon climate of East Asia also had prominent effects on the atmospheric composition of nitrogen, with higher loadings in northerly (i.e., winter) than southerly (i.e., summer) monsoon periods, owing to strong emissions from the East Asian landmass. Dust storms in spring dramatically reduced the periodically high concentrations of atmospheric pollutants (e.g., nitrogen species) across the NW Pacific Ocean, but this was accompanied by a twofold‐to‐fourfold increase in the temporal deposition flux, which showed broad spatial dimensions. Finally, our study identified a strong gradient of wet as well as dry nitrogen deposition fluxes from East Asia to the interior of the North Pacific Ocean. The gradient reflected changes in emission sources and chemical reactions (e.g., forming secondary aerosols), rainfall and scavenging, and change in air mass trajectory.